온라인 서비스 실패의 상황에서 이모지를 이용한 사과가 고객 경험에 미치는 영향
Service Failure and Apology with Emoji in Online Service Encounter
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참고문헌
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초록
서비스는 상호작용을 통해 가치를 창출하기 때문에 전달의 과정에서 각종 실패가 발생할 수 있다. 서비스 실패 후 회복이 만족스럽지 않은 경우, 구매자들은 같은 서비스 업체를 방문하지 않는 경향이 있기 때문에 사과와 설명 등 고객의 심리적 불만을 개선할 수 있는 서비스 회복 전략은 기업에 중요하다. 이때 이모지를 서비스 회복 전략의 도구로 활용할 수 있다. 이모지는 일반적으로 다채로운 형태로 표현되고 텍스트와 함께 사용되는 그림 문자로서 텍스트만을 활용할 때와 비교하여 자신의 감정을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있는 특징이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 서비스 실패가 발생할 때 서비스 회복 조치로서 이모지를 활용하는 것이 소비자의 고객경험에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 또한, 서비스 실패의 특성인 서비스 실패의 심각성 및 서비스 실패의 유형을 변수로 활용하여 이모지 각성 수준과의 상호작용이 고객경험에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 이를 검정하기 위해 2(이모지 각성: 낮음 vs 높음) X 2(서비스 실패의 심각성: 낮음 vs 높음) X 2(서비스 실패의 종류: 결과적 vs 과정적)의 총 8가지 시나리오를 설계하여 공분산 분석을 시행하였다. 데이터는 모바일 쇼핑을 경험해본 중국 소비자를 대상으로 수집되었다. 연구 결과, 이모지 각성 수준에 따라 고객경험에 미치는 영향이 다르다는 것을 확인하였다. 구체적으로 서비스 실패의 심각성이 낮은 경우, 각성의 정도가 높은 이모지가 낮은 이모지보다 소비자에게 더 긍정적인 고객경험을 창출하는 것으로 나타났으며, 서비스 실패의 심각성이 높은 경우에는 반대로 낮은 이모지 각성 표현이 소비자에게 더 긍정적인 고객경험을 창출하는 것으로 나타났다. 과정적 서비스 실패일 경우에는 높은 이모지 각성 표현이 소비자에게 더 긍정적인 고객경험을 창출하는 것으로 나타났으나 결과적 실패의 경우에는 고객경험에 미치는 영향의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 온라인 서비스 접점에서 고객과의 소통 시 이모지의 사용에 대한 의미 있는 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
Emoji is a pictogram used with text to expresses its users’ emotional status more effectively. Although emoji usage in a service encounter have been dramatically increased recently, previous studies report that using emoji in service encounter does not always work in favor of service provider. Given extensive usage of emoji in practice and potentially mixed outcome of using emoji in online service encounter, it is worth exploring how emoji influence consumer perception and attitudes towards the experience with the service provider. This study proposes that making ‘apology’ with emoji can be an effective way to recover service failure in online service encounter. More specifically, it investigates the effects of arousal reflected in emoji used for apology in the case of service failure on customer experience. This study also looks at how service failure severity and service failure types influence the effects of emoji arousal on customer experience in the case of service failure. 2 (emoji arousal) × 2 (service failure severity) × 2 (service failure type) factorial design was used and data were collected from Chinese e-commerce customers. It was found that making apology with high-arousal-emoji is generally more effective, than low-arousal- emoji, in enhancing customer experience in the case of online service failure. For less(greater) severe failure, apology high(low)-arousal-emoji was found to be more effective. Finally, apology with high-arousal-emoji was found to be more effective in enhancing customer experience when the service failure is related to process. The findings of this study offers meaningful implications to both practice and academia of using emoji in online service encounter.
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