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긍정심리개입이 외상경험 대학생들의 심리적 건강 및 외상 후 성장에 미치는 효과

The Effects of Positive Psychology Intervention on Psychological Health and Posttraumatic Growth in Trauma-Exposed University Students

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초록

본 연구는 긍정심리개입이 외상경험 대학생들의 심리적 건강 및 외상 후 성장에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 63명의 대학생(긍정심리개입 집단 30명, 무처치 통제집단 33명)이 참여하였고, 긍정심리개입은 총 8회기에 걸쳐 한 회기당 120분 동안 진행 되었으며, 무처치 통제집단은 심리학 교양과목을 이수하는 학생들로 이루어졌다. 긍정심리개입 집단의 참가자들은 총 4번(개입 전, 4회기 후, 개입 직후, 1개월후) 탄력성, 외상 후 성장, 정신적 웰빙, 삶의 의미, 외상 후 스트레스증상, 우울증상 및 외상 후 인지를 측정하는 척도들을 작성하였으며, 무처치 통제집단의 참가자들은 총 3번(개입 전, 4회기 후, 개입 직후) 동일한 척도들을 작성하였다. 분석 결과, 무처치 통제집단에 비해 긍정심리개입은 탄력성, 외상 후 성장, 정신적 웰빙, 삶의 의미, 우울증상 및 외상 후 인지 수준을 변화시키는데 더 효과적이었으며, 이러한 효과는1개월 동안 유지되었다. 하지만 종결 직후 두 집단 간 비교 결과, 외상 후 스트레스증상 수준은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 결과들은긍정심리개입이 외상경험 대학생들의 우울증상을 완화하고, 탄력성, 외상 후 성장 및 긍정적인 정신건강을 증진시키는데 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 의의뿐만 아니라, 그 한계점에 기초하여 미래 연구방향에 관해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of positive psychology intervention (PPI) on psychological health and post-traumatic growth in trauma-exposed university students. The PPI examined here was a structured 8-session group program aimed at cultivating positive feelings, positive behaviors, and positive cognitions. The PPI program consisted of 8 weekly sessions. Thirty participants in the PPI group completed the measures of resilience, posttraumatic growth, mental well-being, meaning in life, post-traumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic negative cognitions at pre-intervention, after the fourth session, at post-intervention, and 1 month after the intervention; conversely, 33 participants in the non-treatment control group completed the same assessment instruments three times (at pre-intervention, after the fourth session, and at post-intervention). Compared to the participants in the non-treatment control group, those in the PPI group showed significant improvements in resilience, posttraumatic growth, mental well-being and meaning in life, as well as reductions in depressive symptoms and post-traumatic negative cognitions. These effects of PPI were maintained at 1-month follow-up. However, a decrease in post-traumatic stress symptoms was not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PPI may be efficacious in enhancing resilience, post-traumatic growth, and positive mental health, as well as ameliorating depressive symptoms in trauma-exposed university students. Finally, implications of this study and directions for future research based on its limitations were discussed.

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