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긍정심리개입이 심리적 건강에 미치는 단기 효과와 변화기제: 강점 활용의 매개역할

Short-Term Effects of and Mechanism of Changes in a Group Positive Psychology Intervention for Improving Psychological Health: Mediating Role of Strengths Use

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 일반 대학생들의 심리적 건강 개선에 대한 긍정심리개입의 효과를 검증하고, 그 변화기제를 규명하고자 하였다. 이러한 변화기제로서, 선행연구와 문헌들에 기초하여, 강점 활용을 잠정적인 매개변인으로 상정하였다. 긍정심리개입집단 44명과 심리교육집단 49명은 개입 전, 4회기 후, 종결 직후에 자기보고형 검사들을 작성하였다. 긍정심리개입은 총 8회기로 한 회기에 120분간 진행 되었으며 심리교육집단은 심리학 교양과목을 수강하는 학생들로 구성되었다. 연구 결과, 심리교육에 비해 긍정심리개입은 정적 정서, 부적 정서, 우울증상, 정신적 웰빙, 심리적 안녕감, 삶의 만족도 및 강점 활용 수준을 변화시키는데 더 효과적이었다. 하지만 지각된 스트레스는 긍정심리개입 전후에 뚜렷한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 강점 활용의 조기 증가는 정적 정서, 부적 정서, 우울증상, 정신적 웰빙 및 삶의 만족도 각각에 대한 긍정심리개입의 단기 효과를 부분 매개하였다. 이 결과들은 긍정심리개입이 일반 대학생들의 심리적 증상들이 완화되고 긍정적인 정신건강을 증진시키는데 효과적이며, 이런 효과가 강점 활용의 증가에 의해 매개될 수 있음을 시사한다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 제한점과 의의에 관해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The current study examined the short-term effects of a group positive psychology intervention (PPI) on psychological health in a Korean sample of university students. In addition, to shed light on the mechanism of changes in the PPI, this study proposed strengths use as a potential mediator of treatment changes on the basis of literature review. A group PPI consisted of 8 weekly 120-min sessions. Forty-four participants in the PPI group and 49 in a psychoeducation group completed the measures of psychological health and utilization of character strengths at pre-intervention, after session 4, and post-intervention. Compared to the participants in the psychoeducation group, those in the PPI group showed decreases in negative affect and depressive symptoms, as well as increases in positive affect, mental well-being, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and strengths use. However, there was a weak change in perceived stress following a group PPI. Early increase in strengths use partially mediated the short-term effects of the PPI on positive affect, negative affect, depressive symptoms, mental well-being, and life satisfaction. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a group PPI can lead to improvements in psychological health of university students, which are mediated through changes in strengths use. Finally, implications and limitations of the current study, and directions for future research are discussed.

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