대종교 범퉁구스주의와 보편주의 ‘애합종족’과 ‘천민동락

Abstract

This paper seeks to examine the following three points. First, the world view of Daejongism includes a kind of' ‘Pan Tungusism’. ‘The declaration of five important doctrines of Dangun-gyo(檀君敎五大宗旨佈明書)’ is the starting point of Daejongism(大倧敎, the original name was Dangun-gyo). It contains the phrase "70 million Brothers and Sisters in southern and northern Daebaek mountain". Daejongism regards the reach of ‘the same race’ was wider than general Korean people. Also the document praises the Qing Emperors. This is contrary to the sense of the Korean dynasty who worshiped the Mincho and hated the Qing dynasty of the Manchu people. In addition, the rules of the Daejongism prohibit foreigner worshippers from entering missions and religious positions. But it is exceptions that are those who live in the territory of the ancient Goguryo and Balhae. Because they are ‘brothers’. Daejongism's view of ethnicity is positioned as a kind of "pan-nationalism" that was popular worldwide in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the Daejongism, the people they consider to be fellow Koreans are called ‘Tungus(通古斯)’ as well as ‘Choseon(朝鮮)’ and ‘Baedal(倍達)’. Therefore, the view of brotherhood of Daejongism can be called ‘Pan Tungusism’. Second, Daejongism’s Pan Tungusism functioned as a catalyst for overcoming traditional Sinocentrism and establishing a new national idea. The text that best describes it is Park Eun-sik's “Mongbae Geum Taejo”. The title means “The audience by the Emperor Taizu of Jin in the dream.” This novel was written under the strong influence of Daejongism. The content is it that Muchisaen(無耻生) the Korean Confucian scholar talks with Aguda the Emperor Taizu of Jin. Muchisaen explains to Aguda the traditional culture and education of Korea, but the Emperor points out the foolishness of worshiping Chinese culture and ignoring his own history and culture. He likens the history of Korea to a school built by the Dangun, and recommend that you learn from wise monarchs, great scholars, and cultural figures in Korean history. In this novel, it is repeatedly emphasized that Aguda (and Jurchen people) is a fellow of Korean. It was also from the “brethren’s sentiment” that the Emperor taught Muchisaen. Third, Pan Tungusism of Daejongism included an opportunity to move towards universalism. The declaration of five important doctrines of Daejongism showed a pessimistic outlook on the world at that time. It is that result of the desires of individuals and nations in the world bloated, conflict with each other, and the destruction of humanity. Therefore it recommended the ‘brethren’ first learned that the great ancestor Dangun’s teaching and then gradually go to save the world. Here is that the Pan Tungusism is positioned as the first step of universalism aiming at world salvation. And Na Cheol(羅喆) wrote the feature poem ‘Junggwang-ga(重光歌).’ He had pity on the tragedy of World War I. So he insisted to obey the Heaven’s will of life-loving, and unify large and small countries and peoples with one teaching. and he regarded on the Heaven and the People have to open a world that they can delight for a long time.(Cheon-Min-Dong-Lak, 天民同樂)