An Ethnographic Study of ‘Sanga Awu’ in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
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This paper examines the indigenous ideas of household and family as they are idealized in the context of Minahasan cultural values, ideas and expectations. In this regards, it examines the socio-cultural landscape of ‘sanga awu’ (Minahasan household or extended family; literally ‘same eating place’) and also discusses socio-cultural practices of ‘sanga awu’ in the forms of ‘kumpulan’ (socio-cultural gathering) and ‘mapalus’ (reciprocal institution) in community life. In so doing, it primarily deals with the idealized values and expectations of ‘sanga awu’, rather than lived experiences of ‘sanga awu’, the ways in which socio-cultural patterns of their lives are generated in a certain context, or their socio-cultural images in the context of cultural hybridization. This paper briefly points out in the 'Introduction' that along with the arrival of the NZG in the 1830s, the indigenous landscape of ‘sanga awu’ encountered newly-emerged patriarchal ideas of household and their dissemination by the formal regulations of the colonial government such as the Staatsblad [State Gazette] of 1861 and also through the teachings of Christian missions. Then it argues in the main sections that the indigenous imagery of household, extended family and community life views the roles and status of husband and wife as complementary rather than hierarchical in the context of Minahasan cultural values, ideas and expectations. It runs counter to the Staatsblad [State Gazette] of 1861 and also the teachings of earlier Christian missionaries.
Abstract
This paper examines the indigenous ideas of household and family as they are idealized in the context of Minahasan cultural values, ideas and expectations. In this regards, it examines the socio-cultural landscape of ‘sanga awu’ (Minahasan household or extended family; literally ‘same eating place’) and also discusses socio-cultural practices of ‘sanga awu’ in the forms of ‘kumpulan’ (socio-cultural gathering) and ‘mapalus’ (reciprocal institution) in community life. In so doing, it primarily deals with the idealized values and expectations of ‘sanga awu’, rather than lived experiences of ‘sanga awu’, the ways in which socio-cultural patterns of their lives are generated in a certain context, or their socio-cultural images in the context of cultural hybridization. This paper briefly points out in the 'Introduction' that along with the arrival of the NZG in the 1830s, the indigenous landscape of ‘sanga awu’ encountered newly-emerged patriarchal ideas of household and their dissemination by the formal regulations of the colonial government such as the Staatsblad [State Gazette] of 1861 and also through the teachings of Christian missions. Then it argues in the main sections that the indigenous imagery of household, extended family and community life views the roles and status of husband and wife as complementary rather than hierarchical in the context of Minahasan cultural values, ideas and expectations. It runs counter to the Staatsblad [State Gazette] of 1861 and also the teachings of earlier Christian missionaries.
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