Christianized Ideas of Womanhood in a Colonial Context in Minahasa Eastern Indonesia
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This paper examines the socio-cultural images of Minahasan women as they are symbolized and idealized in newly-emerged Christian values in a colonial context, especially after the NZG [Nederlandsche Zendeling Genootschap; Dutch Missionary Society] arrived in Minahasa in the 1830s. In so doing, it primarily deals with the symbolized and idealized values and expectations of womanhood, rather than lived experiences of Minahasan women, the ways in which socio-cultural patterns of their lives are generated in a certain context, or their socio-cultural images in the context of cultural hybridization. In this regards, it examines ‘Christianized indigenous narratives’, ‘the Staatsblad (State Gazette) of 1861’, and ‘Christianized education’ during the colonial period. This paper argues that the ‘patriarchal’ notion of womanhood was idealized and disseminated by the teachings of Christian missions and by the formal regulations of the colonial government and it was regarded as a ‘civilized’ property among the Minahasans. At the same time, this paper reveals that the indigenous representations (complementary, mediatory, and independent) of Minahasan womanhood continued to remain as ‘cultural praxis’ deeply embedded in indigenous Minahasan culture, even in the light of the Christianized ‘patriarchal’ influences in the colonial context. at least within the boundaries of village life.
Abstract
This paper examines the socio-cultural images of Minahasan women as they are symbolized and idealized in newly-emerged Christian values in a colonial context, especially after the NZG [Nederlandsche Zendeling Genootschap; Dutch Missionary Society] arrived in Minahasa in the 1830s. In so doing, it primarily deals with the symbolized and idealized values and expectations of womanhood, rather than lived experiences of Minahasan women, the ways in which socio-cultural patterns of their lives are generated in a certain context, or their socio-cultural images in the context of cultural hybridization. In this regards, it examines ‘Christianized indigenous narratives’, ‘the Staatsblad (State Gazette) of 1861’, and ‘Christianized education’ during the colonial period. This paper argues that the ‘patriarchal’ notion of womanhood was idealized and disseminated by the teachings of Christian missions and by the formal regulations of the colonial government and it was regarded as a ‘civilized’ property among the Minahasans. At the same time, this paper reveals that the indigenous representations (complementary, mediatory, and independent) of Minahasan womanhood continued to remain as ‘cultural praxis’ deeply embedded in indigenous Minahasan culture, even in the light of the Christianized ‘patriarchal’ influences in the colonial context. at least within the boundaries of village life.
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