1970년대 새마을운동 기간 한국 농촌경제의 상대적 성과 분석: 도농격차 비교를 중심으로

Abstract

This study evaluated relative economic performance of Korean rural area in the several aspects such as population, value added, Engel index, ratio of household income to household expenditure, income per household and per capita. Based on such indices, it is verified the following argument might not be true; the relative economic performance in rural area was improved so much in 1970s and the improvement was related to Saemaul Undong, the representative Korean rural development program in 1970s. It is found that rual household income and standard of living got better but the improvement was originated from several factors such as population movement from rural to urban area, favorable agricultural policy related with government purchase of agriculture product, undervalued living expenses in rural area, favorable terms of trade for rural household, nationwide spreading industrialization. Those factors were not directly related with the program in 1970s. Especially it is remarkable that although the rural household relative income to urban household income was improved greatly in 1970s, the conditional mean of the rural relative income in the period was lower than in other periods. This menas that although the relative income of rural area was improved in the 1970s, the change was originated from the major income determinants of rural and urban household income that were not related with the program. The results do not support the widely accepted argument that the program made considerable contribution in the improvement of rural household’s relative economic performance in 1970s.