《巴黎协定》对中国碳减排和经济的影响
The Impact of the Paris Agreement on China's Carbon Reduction and Economy
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2015年12月，《联合国气候变化框架公约》近200个缔约方在巴黎气候变化大会上一致同意通过《巴黎协定》，根据《巴黎协定》的要求，21世纪末将全球的温升，与工业化之前相比较，控制在2摄氏度以内，并为控制在1.5摄氏度以内而努力，同时提出了在21世纪下半叶全球实现碳中和的要求，即到21世纪末，全世界范围内实现人为活动排放的温室气体排放总量与大自然吸收总量保持相平衡状态。 气候变化是全人类面临的共同挑战，需要世界各国携手合作、共同应对。于是欧盟委员会在2019年公布应对去后变化新政‘欧洲绿色新政’，提出到2050年欧洲在全球范围内率先实现‘碳中和’。美国同时作为一个排放大国，碳排放量在全球占比约15%左右。2020年，美国新任总统拜登提出“到2035年，通过向可再生能源过渡实现无碳发电；到2050年，让美国实现碳中和。此外，澳大利亚，韩国等一些发达国家也都根据本国发展状况，采取有力的政策和措施，积极地向实现碳中和的目标迈进。中国作为最大的发展中国家，2020年9月22日, 第75届联合国大会期间, 中国提出将提高国家自主贡献力度, 采取更加有力的政策和措施, 二氧化碳排放力争在2030年前达到峰值,努力争取在2060年前实现碳中和。 作为《联合国气候变化框架公约》应对气候变化问题的终极目标，在碳中和国际行动影响力不断扩大的背景下，研究国际承诺现状和发展趋势，是中国实现碳中和目标、寻求国际合作减排机会以及推动全球气候治理进程的重要基石。 所以本论文通过对巴黎协定的相关气候的规定分析，各国对碳中和的行动与气候合作的比较分析，借鉴碳中和行动引领国家的技术路径，政策措施，以及在低碳复苏，社会公平转型等方面的先进经验，制定符合中国碳中和的长期策略。
Abstract
In December 2015 at the Paris Conference, under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, nearly 200 UN parties to the unanimously agreed to adopt the Paris Agreement to climate change after 2020. According to the Paris Agreement, to tackle the problem of global warming, the average temperature should be kept within 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the 21st century compared with pre-industrialization time. By doing so, the total amount of human-induced greenhouse-gas emissions worldwide will be in balance with total natural absorption at the end of the twenty-first century. Climate change is a common challenge for all humanity and requires the global cooperation between countries around the world to tackle it together. In 2019, the European Commission announced a "European Green New Deal" in response to post-departure change, proposing that Europe to be the first to achieve a “carbon-neutralization” on a global scale by 2050. For the U.S., as one of the major emitters, it accounts for about 15% of global greenhouse-gas emissions. In 2020, The U.S. President, Joe Biden proposed the electricity generation should transit to renewable energy to achieve carbon-free electricity generation by 2035 and carbon neutralization by 2050. In addition, for some developed countries, including Australia and Korea, have taken strong policies and measures in line with the goal of carbon-neutralization. For China, the largest developing country, has taken on international responsibility and obligations during the 75th UN General Assembly on September 22, 2020, proposing to increase its contribution to climate change and adopt stronger policies and measures to achieve carbon -neutralization by 2030. As the ultimate goal of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to address climate change and achieve carbon neutralization, thereby both national and regional efforts are required. Hence, studying the status quo and trends of international commitments are the key cornerstones for China to achieve its carbon-neutralization goals by seeking international cooperation to reduce emission sand driving global climate governance. Thus this paper analyzes the climate provisions of the Paris agreement, compares carbon-neutralization actions with climate cooperation, draws on the technological pathways, policy initiatives, and low-carbon economic, social justice transformation, etc. In order to develop long-term strategies in consistent with China's carbon-neutralization.
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