1950년대 호주군의 상호운용성 기준 변경과 동남아시아 안보협력
Changes in Interoperability Criteria for the Australian Armed Force in the 1950s and Security Cooperation in Southeast Asia
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본 연구는 전통적으로 영국을 추종해왔던 호주군이 미국과의 표준화 및 상호운용성을 중시하게 된 동인을 분석하고자 하였다. 전후 호주 안보정책의 초점은 공산 진영에 의한 동남아시아 내 비정규전과 제한전의 위협에 대응하는 데 맞춰졌으며, 이를 위해 대규모 재래식 전력의 보유가 요구되었다. 자체 군사력에 한계가 있던 상황에서 위협에의 대응은 강대국과의 협력하에 이뤄져야 했으며, 전후의 쇠퇴에도 불구하고 영국은 동남아시아 방위를 위한 안보협력체 ANZAM과 연합 신속대응부대를 통해 호주의 안보에 기여하였다. 그러나 수에즈 위기 후 영국은 전략 핵전력에 치중하여 재래식 전력과 해외파병의 비중을 축소하는 방향으로 군사전략을 변경하였다. 이는 연합작전 수행과 군수지원 측면에서 영국과의 상호운용성 유지의 유용성을 약화시켰으며, 이에 호주는 영국 대신 미군의 장비를 표준으로 군을 운용할 것을 선언하게 되었다.
Abstract
This study attempted to analyze the critical factor that made the Australian forces emphasize standardization and interoperability with the United States, which has traditionally followed the lead of the United Kingdom. The focus of post-war Australian security policy was to counter to the threat of insurgency and limited war in Southeast Asia by the communists, which required large-scale conventional forces. In a situation where its own military power was limited, the response to the threat had to be made in cooperation with major powers. Despite the post-war decline, the UK contributed to Australia's security through ANZAM, an organization for security cooperation for Southeast Asian defense, and a combined rapid response force. However, after the Suez Crisis, the United Kingdom changed its military strategy to reduce the proportion of conventional forces and overseas deployments by focusing on strategic nuclear forces. The benefits of maintaining interoperability with the UK in terms of joint operations and logistics support were weakened, so Australia declared that it would operate its forces based on the equipment of the U.S. military instead of the British.
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