공적개발원조(ODA)가 경제성장과 소득불평등에 미치는 영향
The Impact of ODA on Economic Growth and Income Inequality
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본 연구는 ODA가 개도국의 경제성장을 견인하고 있는지, 이러한 경제성장이 일부 특권층에만 집중되는 것은 아닌지 실증적으로 검증해보고자 한다. DAC로부터 공적개발원조를 받는 119개국의 패널데이터를 분석한 결과, ODA를 많이 받는 국가일수록 경제성장은 높아지지만 소득불평등에는 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, ODA의 영향력은 각 국가의 민주주의 수준과 정부의 질에 따라 달라지는 것을 추가분석을 통해 확인하였다. 또한, 정부의 질에서 부패의 통제가 높은 국가는 ODA가 소득불평등을 완화시켜 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 연구결과를 통해 DAC국가와 수원국의 ODA의 효과성을 높일 수 있는 이론적, 정책적 함의를 제공하고자 한다.
Abstract
This study aims to empirically examine whether ODA is driving economic growth in developing countries and whether such economic growth is limited to a few privileged economic classes. Using panel data from 119 countries receiving official development assistance from DAC, this study found that the countries receiving more ODA increased economic growth but had no effect on income inequality. Moreover, additional analysis reveals that the influence of ODA varies depending on the level of democracy and the quality of government in each country. In addition, it was the quality of government that alleviates income inequality in countries with high corruption control. Finally, this study provides theoretical and policy implications that can enhance the effectiveness of ODA in DAC countries and recipient countries.
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