아세안 소지역협력의 제도화 과정과 함의 : BIMP-EAGA를 중심으로
Institutionalization Process and Implications of ASEAN Subregions: The case of BIMP-EAGA
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아세안은 소지역협력을 통해 균형적이고 포용적인 경제발전을 목적으로 1990년대 다양한 소지역협력체를 추진하였다. 소지역협력은 소지역주의 또는 소다자주의에서 나타난 개념으로 둘 또는 세 개의 국가가 인접한 지역의 경제정책을 완화하여 소지역을 연결하고 경제성장을 도모하는 호혜적인 개발협력 방식이다. 아세안은 성장삼각지대 모델을 채택하여 IMS-GT, IMT-GT, BIMP-EAGA 등 하위협력체를 설립한다. BIMP-EAGA는 1994년 설립되었지만, 아시아 금융위기로 인해 10여 년간 소극적으로 활동하였고, 2017년 ADB의 지원으로 재조정되었다. 비전 2025년을 수립하여 소지역의 인프라 확장을 통해 ‘무역·투자·관광산업’을 활성화하고, 지역시장을 발전하여 포괄적인 성장을 목적으로 한다. 나아가 지역의 경제성장을 통해 아세안의 경제통합을 목적으로 소지역 간 협력이 이루어지고 있다. BIMP-EAGA의 개방적인 무역정책과 다각화된 협력 방안으로 해외투자와 민간 부분의 협력이 증가하고 있다. 하지만 소지역협력체 내에서도 개발이 소외되는 지역이 발생하고, 중앙정부와 소지역의 역사적 갈등과 정치적 불안정으로 해외투자가 감소하여 소지역 성장에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 아세안 소지역협력의 발전과정을 고찰하여 BIMP-EAGA에서 나타난 문제점을 파악하고 협력 방안을 제시하며 소지역협력의 함의를 이해하고자 한다.
Abstract
ASEAN created various Subregional Institutions in the 1990s with aim of generate balanced and inclusive growth as well as contribute to regional economic development through Subregional cooperation. Subregional cooperation is a concept that emerged from Subregionalism or Minilateralism. It is a form of complementary development cooperation in which two or three countries linked economic policies in adjacent regions to connect subregions and promote economic growth. ASEAN adopts the growth triangle model and established Subregional Institutions such as IMS-GT, IMT-GT and BIMP-EAGA. BIMP-EAGA was established in 1994, but was passively active for 10 years due to the Asian financial crisis, and was reorganized with the support of ADB in 2017. Vision 2025 was established to revitalize the ‘Trade, Investment, and Tourism industries’ through the expansion of infrastructure in subregions also to Narrow Development Gap for comprehensive growth. Furthermore, cooperation between subregions is being carried out for the purpose of economic integration of ASEAN through regional economic growth. The cooperation between FDI and the private sector is increasing due to BIMP-EAGA's open trade policy and diversification cooperation plan. However, there are areas where development is alienated even within subregional institutions. In addition, FDI decreased due to historical conflicts and political instability, which has a negative impact on the local economy. This study explains the development process of subregional institutions in ASEAN. It aims to identify the problems of BIMP-EAGA, present cooperation plans, and understand the implications of subregional institutions.
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