Multi-Mode Sensor for Hydrogen Detection via Colorimetric and Electrical Signals Based on WO3-Pd Films
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Hydrogen is an eco-friendly energy source widely used in various industries, but its high flammability and explosionrisk require rapid and accurate detection. This study optimized a WO3-Pd-based multi-mode hydrogen detection sensor, integratingelectrical and optical signals for high-sensitivity monitoring. WO3 exhibits chemochromic properties, changing color upon hydrogenexposure, whereas Pd acts as a catalytic layer, facilitating hydrogen dissociation and diffusion. Using RF-magnetron sputtering andE-beam deposition, the thickness of WO3 and Pd was precisely controlled to achieve optimal sensing performance. The sensorsuccessfully detected hydrogen concentrations from 1% to 10% and at the ppm level, with electrical signal responses and colorimetricchanges occurring within 5 s. Additionally, a color difference (ΔE*) of 53.64 and a transmittance change (ΔT) of 34% confirmedclear visual detection. Finally, a sensor module with real-time monitoring and alarm functions was implemented, demonstrating itspracticality as a reliable hydrogen detection technology. The results of this study is expected to contribute to enhancing the stabilityand safety of future hydrogen-based energy systems.
Abstract
Hydrogen is an eco-friendly energy source widely used in various industries, but its high flammability and explosionrisk require rapid and accurate detection. This study optimized a WO3-Pd-based multi-mode hydrogen detection sensor, integratingelectrical and optical signals for high-sensitivity monitoring. WO3 exhibits chemochromic properties, changing color upon hydrogenexposure, whereas Pd acts as a catalytic layer, facilitating hydrogen dissociation and diffusion. Using RF-magnetron sputtering andE-beam deposition, the thickness of WO3 and Pd was precisely controlled to achieve optimal sensing performance. The sensorsuccessfully detected hydrogen concentrations from 1% to 10% and at the ppm level, with electrical signal responses and colorimetricchanges occurring within 5 s. Additionally, a color difference (ΔE*) of 53.64 and a transmittance change (ΔT) of 34% confirmedclear visual detection. Finally, a sensor module with real-time monitoring and alarm functions was implemented, demonstrating itspracticality as a reliable hydrogen detection technology. The results of this study is expected to contribute to enhancing the stabilityand safety of future hydrogen-based energy systems.