Development of a Colorimetric H2 Sensor Based on PtWO3 Nanoparticles
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Hydrogen (H2) is a promising clean-energy carrier; however, it poses safety concerns because of its high flammability and low ignition energy, necessitating the timely and reliable detection of leaks. In this study, a power-free colorimetric hydrogen sensor was developed by dispersing Pt-doped tungsten trioxide (PtWO3) nanoparticles into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and depositing the composite onto an alumina substrate via spin coating. The spin speed (600–900 rpm) was optimized to achieve uniform membrane morphology and responsive optical behavior. Upon exposure to 1%–5% H2 (balanced with N2), the sensor exhibited a distinct and concentration-dependent color transition from light yellow to deep blue, corresponding to ΔE values exceeding 2.3, readily perceptible by the human eye under ambient conditions (23°C, 30% RH). The system demonstrated rapid response within minutes and complete color recovery upon re-exposure to air, confirming its reversibility. Furthermore, selectivity measurements against CO, NO, NO2, and CO2 indicated minimal interference. This power-independent, visually legible PtWO3/PDMS sensor offers a simple and practical platform for real-time hydrogen leak monitoring in energy and industrial safety applications.
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is a promising clean-energy carrier; however, it poses safety concerns because of its high flammability and low ignition energy, necessitating the timely and reliable detection of leaks. In this study, a power-free colorimetric hydrogen sensor was developed by dispersing Pt-doped tungsten trioxide (PtWO3) nanoparticles into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix and depositing the composite onto an alumina substrate via spin coating. The spin speed (600–900 rpm) was optimized to achieve uniform membrane morphology and responsive optical behavior. Upon exposure to 1%–5% H2 (balanced with N2), the sensor exhibited a distinct and concentration-dependent color transition from light yellow to deep blue, corresponding to ΔE values exceeding 2.3, readily perceptible by the human eye under ambient conditions (23°C, 30% RH). The system demonstrated rapid response within minutes and complete color recovery upon re-exposure to air, confirming its reversibility. Furthermore, selectivity measurements against CO, NO, NO2, and CO2 indicated minimal interference. This power-independent, visually legible PtWO3/PDMS sensor offers a simple and practical platform for real-time hydrogen leak monitoring in energy and industrial safety applications.