Gasochromic Hydrogen Sensors based on Pd-functionalized WO3 film: A Brief Review
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Hydrogen has emerged as a critical energy source, but being highly flammable, colorless, and odorless, it requiresreliable sensing technologies for early detection. Gasochromic sensors have attracted significant attention due to their visuallyintuitive ability to detect hydrogen. Among these, Pd-functionalized WO3 film-based gasochromic sensors exhibit a distinct andreversible color change from pale yellow to blue in the presence of hydrogen, facilitating visual recognition. This optical transitionis induced by the excellent catalytic activity of Pd in hydrogen dissociation and efficient electron transfer to the WO3 layer. However, they still face several challenges, including moderate response and recovery kinetics, structural degradation underrepeated cycling, and poor response at low gas concentrations. To overcome these challenges, many methods have been exploredto improve its sensing performance, such as nanostructure engineering, thermal treatment, secondary oxide doping, and integrationwith dual-response sensing platforms. This review summarizes recent progress in gasochromic hydrogen sensors utilizingPd-functionalized WO3 film and discusses future directions to enhance their durability, environmental robustness, andapplicability under practical conditions.
Abstract
Hydrogen has emerged as a critical energy source, but being highly flammable, colorless, and odorless, it requiresreliable sensing technologies for early detection. Gasochromic sensors have attracted significant attention due to their visuallyintuitive ability to detect hydrogen. Among these, Pd-functionalized WO3 film-based gasochromic sensors exhibit a distinct andreversible color change from pale yellow to blue in the presence of hydrogen, facilitating visual recognition. This optical transitionis induced by the excellent catalytic activity of Pd in hydrogen dissociation and efficient electron transfer to the WO3 layer. However, they still face several challenges, including moderate response and recovery kinetics, structural degradation underrepeated cycling, and poor response at low gas concentrations. To overcome these challenges, many methods have been exploredto improve its sensing performance, such as nanostructure engineering, thermal treatment, secondary oxide doping, and integrationwith dual-response sensing platforms. This review summarizes recent progress in gasochromic hydrogen sensors utilizingPd-functionalized WO3 film and discusses future directions to enhance their durability, environmental robustness, andapplicability under practical conditions.