국가 건설기 원나라 행정 체제의 구축 과정에 관한 연구

Abstract

Mongolia and its successor, Won(元) did not have a system of governance that had historically been established. So, through national integration and conquest activities, they had to build a whole new organization to govern the wider land and population. Considering the nomadic features of the Mongolian tradition, it had to take over the system of Yoh(遼) and Guem(金), which was established by the same nomadic people. In the Mongol Empire period, founded by Genghis Khan, the organization was formed as the Ten-Hundred-Thousand-Ten thousand family system, which combines military and administrative organizations for tribal unification and conquest. For the conquest ruling, one of the local co-operatives or the bureaucrats of the existing state was appointed as the administrative director. They were responsible for paying taxes and military munitions, mobilizing soldiers and labors, and oppressing people. Nevertheless, they appointed Darugachi as the reliable Mongolian administrator. After founding of Won Dynasty by Sejo, more perfect ruling system was established. King Sejo inherited the system of Yow and Geum, and Song. He divided the central government power into three areas: Jung-seo-seong, Chu-mil-weon, Eo-sa-dae. The Six ministry, Bu belonged to Jung-seo- seong. In the local provinces, Haeng-seong, Haeng-dae etc. was established as the local government. Local administrative distract were divided into Ro-Bu-Joo-Hyun. Many reliable Mongolian were appointed as Darugachi, top bureaucrat or ruler in charge of each organization. Through the Mongol empire period, a more elaborate Chinese-style governing system was established during the Won period. This was inevitable as the transition from nomadic to settlement. The same was true of the central government as well as the local government.