역대 정부와 문재인 정부의 자치경찰 도입 과정에 관한 비교 연구

Abstract

Municipal policing started with the local autonomy since it plays an crucial role in protecting the lives and properties of the residents. In spite of this importance, it has not been introduced nationwide with the exception of Jeju’s Municipal Police system, which has been experimentally conducted in Korea. The introduction of municipal police began with the US Military Government and was a policy task that virtually all previous governments attempted to implement. At the time of Kim Dae Jung administration, the autonomous police system was selected as a national priority task, and it is still one of the top priorities in Moon Jae-In administration as well. Despite these ongoing efforts, however, the policies in the field have not yet been successfully implemented. This issue is the very basis of the current paper; in this study, we have selected the three variables of analysis- the motivation, the purpose of the municipal police and leaders, and the elements that constitute each variable- and how these factors are combined to determine whether the introduction of municipal police succeeded or failed. For thorough examination, this paper analyzes the processes of municipal police systems from the US military government to the present Moon Jae-In administration by focusing on the detailed components of each variable. The findings of the analysis are as follows: ① In the US military government, the driving motivation was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘creative’, the ruler was ‘an external group’, and eventually the result was ‘failed’; ② In Jang Myun government, the motive was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘restorative’, the leader was ‘an external group’, and the result was ‘failed’ ③ In Roh Tae - Woo government, the motive was ‘externaal’, the purpose was ‘restorative’, the leader was ‘an external group’, and the result was ‘failed in introduction’. ④ In Kim Dae-Jung government, the motive was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘restorative’, the leader was ‘external/internal’, and the result was ‘failed’ ⑤ In Roh Moo-Hyun government, the motive was ‘external’, the purpose was ‘creative’, the leader was ‘external/internal’, and the result was ‘partially succeeded/partially failed’ ⑥ In Moon Jae-In government, the motive is ‘eternal’, the purpose is ‘creative’, the leader is’ strong insider/weak outsider’, and the result was ‘undecided/considerably hopeful’. The overall results of this study show that required conditions for the success of Municipal Police system and relevant policies are as follows: the motive ‘strong external’, the purpose ‘creative’, and the policy leader 'insider’.