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社會科學과 歷史學의 統合의 可能性: 言語論的 轉回, 아브덕션 및 老子의 道德經

A Possibility of Integrating Social Sciences and History: Focused on the Liguistic Turn, the Abduction and Lao-tzu’s Work 「Tao Te Ching」

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초록

본 논문은 우선 추론의 2大 방법인 귀납과 연역의 문제점을 연구목적의 시각에서 고찰하고 있다. 연구목적은 사회과학(조직론)과 역사학의 통합 가능성을 검토하는 것이다. 귀납이란 관찰로부터 획득된 단칭언명에서 보편언명으로 일반화하는 방법이다. 그러나 귀납법의 주요 문제점의 하나인 ‘이론부하성’은 1980년대 이후 ‘언어론적 전회’로 역사학계나 사회과학계에 출현하게 되었다. 한편 연역이란 논증의 전제가 眞이라면 결론도 또한 진인 점을 도출하는 분석적인 추론의 방법이다. 역사연구자는 전자를 사회과학자는 후자의 방법을 사용한다고 생각하기 쉽지만, 순수한 귀납, 순수한 연역이라는 것은 사회과학이나 역사학에 있어서 추론 방법으로는 실용적이지 못하다. 그래서 본 연구는 C.S.Peirce가 고안한 추론 방법, 즉 ‘아브덕션’을 명시적으로 채택할 것을 제안하고 있다. 이것은 어떤 사실이나 데이터가 관찰된 경우, 그것은 왜일까라고 질문하고, 어떠한 작업가설을 만들어 설명・검증하는 방법이다. 아브덕션이란 추론의 방법을 사용함으로써 質이 높은 역사분석과 사회분석을 하는 것이 가능하게 되며, 최종적으로 이론을 형성할 수가 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서 우리들은 ‘언어게임’과 ‘아브덕션’이라는 강력한 메커니즘을 입수하였다. 그리고 그 도구들을 본 연구자가 작성한 논문들에 적용 가능한가 하는 여부를 고찰하였다. 그 제 논문 중 대표적으로 검토한 것이 『포스트모더니즘 조직론의 성립과 노자의 「도덕경」』이다. 즉 결과는 긍정적이다. 포스트모던조직론의 해체 사상과 「도덕경」18, 19장의 도덕주의와 실용주의의 허상 이슈는 연결이 가능한 것이다. 또한 이것은 21C 조직이론과 B.C.26C 동양고전의 사상의 접합이다. 요컨대 사회과학과 역사학은 통합이 가능하다고 보는 것이다.

Abstract

This Paper first looks at the problems of induction and deduction, the two main methods of reasoning, from the point of view of research purposes. The objective of this study is to examine the possibility of integration between social science(organization theory) and history. Induction is a method of generalizing from a singular statement acquired observation to a universal statement. But ‘theory-ladenness’, one of the major problems of induction, has emerged as the ‘linguistic turn’ in history and social sciences since the 1980S. On the other hand, deduction is a method of analytical inference that results in a truth if the premisses of argument are true. Historical researchers tend to think of the former as a social scientist using the latter method. But pure induction or pure deduction is not practical in history or social science. Therefore, this study suggests that ‘abduction’ should explicitly be adopted. It is inference method invented by C.S.Peirce. This asks why if any facts or data are observed. And then create and explain a working hypothesis. It is also a verification process. Abduction is used to make a quality historical analysis or social analysis possible And finally we can form a theory. In this study, we acquired the powerful mechanisms, the ‘language-game’ and the ‘abduction’. We then examined whether the tools were applicable to the papers prepared by the researcher. Among them, the paper reviewed representatively is 『Towards a Theory of the Formation of Postmodernism Organizations and Lao-tzu’s Work 「Tao Te Ching」: Focused on the Critiques of Functionalism and Symbolic-Interpretativism.』 Consequently, the result is positive. The deconstruction of organization theory and the fallacy of morality and pragmatism in Chapter 18, 19 can be connected. It is also a link between the organization theory of the 21st century and the Oriental Classics of the 6th century B.C. In short, social science and history can be integrated.

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