경찰학(형사사법학) 전공학생들의 가치체계에 대한 한·미 간 비교연구
Comparative Study about Value System of Korean and U.S. College Students Majoring Police Science(and Criminal Justice)
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본 연구의 목적은 한국과 미국의 경찰학(형사사법학) 전공 대학생들의 가치체계의 차이를 비교하는 것이다. 경찰가치에 대한 기존의 연구들은 경찰관과 일반시민간의 가치차이를 중심으로 논의되어져 왔다. 이들 연구들이 간과한 가치연구의 영역은 향후 경찰조직에 진입할 가능성이 높은 경찰학(형사사법학)전공 대학생들의 가치체계가 국가 간에 차이가 있는지에 대한 것이다. 개개 경찰관의 가치가 경찰문화형성의 기초이므로 가치체계의 국가 간 비교연구의 의의는 매우 크다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국과 미국의 경찰학전공 대학생들의 가치차이를 검증하기 위해 138명의 한국 경찰학 전공대학생들과 180명의 미국 경찰학 전공 대학생들의 가치체계에 관한 데이터를 수집하여 비교하였다. 경찰입직의도에 따른 가치비교에서는 경찰직을 미래의 직업으로 선호하는 대학생들은 타 직종을 희망하는 대학생들에 비하여 ‘신나는 삶’과 ‘즐거움’이라는 가치를 보다 더 강조하고 ‘평등’은 덜 중요시 한 반면 타 직종을 선호하는 대학생들은 ‘자존심’과 ‘지혜’, 그리고 ‘평등’을 보다 우선시 하는 것으로 나타났다. 도구적 가치에 있어서는 경찰직을 선호하는 학생들은 ‘자기관리’와 ‘능력’을 강조한 반면, 타 직종을 선호하는 대학생들은 ‘독립심’, ‘사랑’, 그리고 ‘충성’을 보다 중요한 가치로 인식하였다. 한편, 가치체계의 국가 간 비교에서는 심리학적 성향론과 사회화 과정론을 검증하기에 어려움이 있었다. 이에 경찰입직의도를 통제하고 국가 간의 비교를 했을 때, 보다 더 정교한 검증모델이 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과를 종합하자면, 경찰입직의도와 국적의 차이는 대학생들의 가치체계에 영향을 미치며 궁극적인 가치보다는 도구적 가치가 학습 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 이 연구의 한계와 향후 연구에 대해 논의하였고 정책적 제안도 제공되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare values of college students majoring police science(and criminal justice) in South Korea and the U.S. Prior research in studying police values have often focused on the comparison of the police and the policed. A limitation of previous studies is to ignore whether or not there is the existence of value differences of college students, potential police applicants, who majoring police science(and criminal justice) in South Korea and the U.S. Since individual police officers' value system may be a fundamental element to formating police culture, it is various to compare college students' values across countries. To compare their value system, this study used the data derived from 138 Korean college students majoring police science and 180 U.S. college students majoring criminal justice. The results have shown that college students preferring to police job as their future occupation are more likely to value higher in the priority about ‘pleasure' and ‘exciting life', but lower in the priority about ‘equality' in terminal values rather than those of seeking other careers. In instrumental values, college students seeking other careers are more preferred to emphasize ‘independence, loving, and loyalty,' while future police applicants are more like to value higher in the priority in ‘self control' and ‘capability.' Meanwhile, comparisons across countries did not provide any benefits to test the psychological perspective and the socialization perspective. Alternatively, this study also adopted another analysis through controling police job desirability in the comparison of value system so that it could be possible to examine two perspectives accurately. In sum, this study has shown that students' job desirability and nationality have an influence on both countries' college students and the instrumental values is changeable, but not the terminal value. Finally, this study attempted to argue the limitations of the study and provide suggestions in the future study, as well as proposing policy implications of this study.
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