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음악이 유도하는 정서의 신경 영상 연구에 대한 체계적 문헌 연구

A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging Research on Music-Induced Emotion

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초록

신경 영상 기법인 fMRI와 PET는 살아있는 인간 두뇌가 음악에 반응하는 역동적 과정에 대한 직접적인 증거를 제시하고 음악과 정서에 관한 신경 생리학적 원리를 밝히는데 기여한다. 본 체계적 문헌 연구는 음악에 의해 유도된 정서 경험에 관한 신경 영상 연구들을 체계적으로 고찰하여 사용된 측정 도구와 음악 자극, 유도된 정서 경험의 유형을 요약하고 음악적 정서 경험 시 활성화되는 뇌 구조물에 관한 내용을 분석하고 합성한다. 학술 정보 검색엔진을 사용하여 연구의 선정 및 제외 기준에 부합하는 실험 연구들을 추출한 후 비뚤림 평가를 통해 최종적으로 32편을 선정하였다. 영상 기법 중 fMRI 를 사용한 연구는 27편이고 PET 연구는 3편이었으며 둘 다 사용한 경우는 2편이었다. 최신 음악, 클래식 음악, 영화 음악, 피험자가 선택한 음악, 협화음과 불협화음, 원곡과 원곡을 조작한 음악, 장ㆍ단조 등이 음악 자극으로 사용되었고 유도된 정서 유형은 익숙함과 선호, 공포와 즐거움, 슬픔과 행복, 전율과 보상, 가치 평가와 각성 등이었다. 다양한 뇌 영역의 활성화와 신경 전달 물질의 방출이 보고 되었는데 변연계와 변연계 주변의 뇌 구조물들, 대뇌 피질의 광범위한 영역에서 활성화가 나타났으며 선조체에서의 도파민 방출이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 체계적인 문헌 분석 방법을 통해 음악에 의해 유도된 정서 경험에 관한 신경 영상 연구 결과들을 요약ㆍ발표함으로써 음악치료 안팎의 임상가 및 연구자들에게 음악의 임상적 사용 원리에 관한 전문적이고 실질적인 정보를 제공하는 의의를 갖는다.

Abstract

Neuroimaging techniques such fMRI and PET provide in-vivo evidence of the human brain and contribute to advancing neurophysiological knowledge regarding the relationships between music and emotion. This systematic literature review examines the existing neuroimaging studies related to emotions induced by music, summarizing the measurement tools used, features of the music stimuli, and the types of induced emotions in the studies. Through a thorough literature search across research databases and then conducting a quality assessment of selected studies, a total of 32 studies were finally selected for the current study. The results show that there were 27 fMRI studies, 3 PET studies, and 2 studies using both methods. Music stimuli used in those studies were the latest pop music, classical music, film music, participant-selected music, consonance/dissonance, original/manipulated music, major/minor tone and so on. Induced emotions were familiarity/preference, fear/pleasure, sadness/happiness, chills/reward, and valence/arousal. It was reported a wide range of brain regions is activated in response to music: the limbic system, structures around the limbic system, and wide regions of the cerebral cortex. Regarding neurotransmitter, dopamine was released in striatum. This study contributes to forming a higher-level, cross-disciplinary view of how music works for human emotion by building practical knowledge inside and outside of music therapy.

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