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음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰: 신경화학적 측면을 중심으로

A Systematic Review of the Modulating Effects of Music on Emotion: Focused on Neurochemical Aspects

배미현|고범석
한국음악치료학회 (Korean Music Therapy Association)|2018.04|한국음악치료학회지 (Korean Journal of Music Therapy)|제20권 제1호|pp. 1-29|DOI 10.21330/kjmt.2018.20.1.1

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키워드

체계적 문헌고찰정서emotionsystematic review조절 효과music음악신경화학modulating effectneurochemistry

초록

이 연구는 음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 대한 신경화학적 측면의 문헌들을 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 통합적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 데이터베이스 검색을 통해 확인된 총 355편 중에서 논문 선정 및 배제 기준에 따라 최종적으로 20편을 선정하였다. 신경화학적 변인과 음악 변인을 중심으로 자료를 추출하였으며 QATQS를 사용하여 선정된 연구의 질 평가를 수행하였다. 정성적 합성 수행을 통한 자료 분석에 있어서는 사용된 음악의 특성 및 대상자의 특성에 대해 종합적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 신경화학적 변인에 있어 도파민 4편, 엔도르핀 4편, 옥시토신-바소프레신 6편, 노르아드레날린(노르에피네프린) 11편, 세로토닌 1편으로 노르아드레날린 관련 연구가 가장 많았으며 콜린 관련 연구는 없었다. 신경화학적 변인과 관련하여 언급된 정서적 주제에 있어서는 모든 변인에서 스트레스가 언급되었는데 이를 통해 스트레스가 정서와 밀접하게 관련된 주요 관심사임을 확인할 수 있었다. 음악적용의 형태에 있어서는 음악 감상의 적용이 대부분을 차지하였는데, 음악중재에 있어 긍정적 정서를 유발하는 음악의 조절 효과에 주로 초점이 맞추어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 연구의 질 평가에 있어서는 선택 비뚤림과 눈가림에 대한 고려가 더욱 필요하다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 영향을 주는 것으로 고려되는 변인들로 음악 특성과 대상자 특성에 대한 내용을 종합적으로 분석한 결과에서는 정서가와 각성에 따른 반응 차이가 신경화학적 측면에서 확인되었다. 이를 통해 근거 중심의 음악치료 중재를 위한 이론적 토대로서 기초연구의 가치를 실제적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 음악이 정서에 미치는 조절 효과에 대한 신경화학적 측면의 객관적 근거를 확인하고 임상적 함의에 대해 살펴보았다는데 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the neurochemical aspects of the modulating effects of music on emotion. Of a total 355 identified through a database search, 20 studies that met the selection criteria were finally selected. Data were extracted with a focus on neurochemical and musical variables, and the quality assessment for the selected studies was conducted using QATQS. The characteristics of the music used and of the research participants were comprehensively analyzed. As for the results of the study regarding neurochemical variables, there were 4 dopamine studies, 4 endorphin studies, 6 oxytocin- vasopressin studies, 11 noradrenalin studies, and 1 serotonin study. The noradrenalin studies were the largest in number and there were no choline studies. In all the selected studies, stress as a key emotion-related subject was discussed in relation to the examined neurochemical variables. Regarding music application, music listening was made in most studies, and the music interventions were mainly used to trigger positive emotions in participants with the intent to examine the modulating effect of music. The comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the music used and of the research participants showed that there were differences in response based on emotional valence and arousal. The results of this study form a theoretical basis for the evidence-based music therapy practice particularly related to emotional modulation. The quality assessment of the selected studies suggests the considerations necessary to deal with selection bias and blinding in future research. The significance of the current study is that it collected the objective evidence of the modulating effects of music on emotion and discussed its clinical implications through a systematic review of the related literature.

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