들뢰즈의 시간론의 교육적 함의

Abstract

Deleuze's theory on time is problematic in that it can be interpreted in many different ways. As an attempt to read Deleuze's theory on time from a new perspective, this study tries to explain Deleuze's theory on time by means of deepening or transforming his schematic diagrams on time presented in his book 'Difference and Repetition'. Deleuze describes each of the present, the past, and the future as a synthesis of time and defines the future, the third synthesis of time, as an eternal return of difference in itself. Deleuze's book, 'Difference and Repetition' is regarded as a book which deals with the time as the repetition of difference. This study aims to interpret from a new perspective Deleuze's theory on time which is revealing and so difficult to understand by transforming and/or experimenting his spacial metaphors on time in various ways. Deleuze's theory on time can be summarized as follows. First, the present is the synthesis of habit on the level of an organism which draws a difference from the repetition. Second, the past is the synthesis of memory which repeats differences bountifully on the transcendental horizon called 'pure past,' functioning as a base which makes the present pass by. Third, the future is the time of an eternal return, which makes all the concrete experiences excluded in an empty form of time. The passivity of time is being gradually strengthened as it goes from the present through the past to the future. Deleuze explains a time as a passive synthesis so that he can show that there is always an eternal return of a difference in itself before the active or conscious subject can be mobilized. Deleuze's theory on time carries some implications for education. First, educational time can be interpreted as a repetition of difference. Second, the educational subject is a subject who can produce a difference actively, going beyond the unified human subject. Third, passivity in the process of learning can be regarded as a condition in which activity can function creatively. Passivity never excludes activity from the learning process according to Deleuze's theory on time.