북한 경제연구를 통해 본 김정일-김정은 시기 농업분야 중점정책논의:텍스트마이닝분석
Discussion on Agricultural Priority Policies during the Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un Era through the Lens of North Korean Economic Research: A Text Mining Analysis
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본 연구의 목적은 북한에서 발간하고 있는 경제학술지인 경제연구를 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용하여 김정일-김정은 시기의 농업 중점정책을 정량적으로 분석하는 것이다. 그리고 이를 통해 북한의 시기별 농업 중점정책의 변화와 그 의미를 분석하고자 했다. 분석 결과 김정일 시기에는 ‘독립채산제’를 농업분야의 중점정책으로 두었다. 독립채산제는 농장이 자율성을 가지고 농업활동을 함으로써 농업 생산성을 증대시키는 것이다. 김정은 시기에는 대내외 환경에 구속되지 않고 저비용으로 농업 생산성을 지속적으로 향상시키기 위해 ‘유기농업’을 농업 중점정책으로 선택할 수밖에 없었다. 김정은 시기 유기농업은 북한의 핵심 이념인 자력갱생과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 이는 북한이 대북제재로 인한 경제 악화로 농업생산이 어려운 상황에서 자력갱생을 통해 농업생산을 증대시키고자 했다. 연구결과 북한당국이나 경제학자들은 시기별로 대내외 환경에 따라 농업 중점정책에 대한 논의의 차이는 있지만 최종적 목표는 농업생산을 증대시켜 식량문제를 해결하려고 했다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze North Korea’s agricultural priority policies during the Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un periods using text mining techniques on Economic Research, an economic journal published in North Korea. Through this analysis, the study aims to examine the changes and implications of agricultural priority policies in North Korea over time. The results of the text mining analysis using Economic Research indicate the following discussions on North Korea’s agricultural priority policies. During the Kim Jong-il period, the focus was on the “independent accounting system” as a central policy in the agricultural sector. This system aimed to enhance agricultural productivity by allowing farms to operate autonomously. It sought to improve farm management systems to increase agricultural productivity while aligning with a centrally planned economy. In the Kim Jong-un period, North Korea adopted “organic farming” as a priority agricultural policy to continuously improve agricultural productivity at low cost, unaffected by internal and external constraints. Organic farming in North Korea was chosen to reduce agricultural production costs and alleviate the burden of national investment in agriculture from an economic perspective. From a technical perspective, it aimed to enhance agricultural productivity by developing soil management and fertility enhancement technologies. Organic farming, a key agricultural policy during the Kim Jong-un era, is closely related to North Korea’s core ideology of self-reliance(Juche). Organic farming sought to produce food using internal resources rather than relying on external inputs. This approach was particularly significant given the challenges of agricultural production under international sanctions and economic difficulties. Through self-reliance, North Korea aimed to increase agricultural production despite these adverse conditions. The study concludes that while discussions on agricultural priority policies varied depending on internal and external environments during different periods, the ultimate goal of North Korean authorities and economists remained consistent: increasing agricultural production to address food security issues.