구마라집 역경에 나타난 ‘참회(懺悔)’ 용어의 분류와 분석

Abstract

The ‘kṣama(懺悔)’ is the fundamental value the Buddhism exists as a religion. ‘Kṣama(懺悔)’ is the repentance of internal consciousness and it again appears as an external action. The terminology of ‘kṣama(懺悔)’ was utilized as a major terminology from the 『forty-two sūtra』 the first ancient chinese translation of the Buddhist scriptures till the new translation by Xuanzang(玄奘) the Buddhist monk of Tang(唐) dynasty. The term utilized in the initial translation was Hoe(悔)- lamentation. Here Cham (懺)- repentance, was added to have become ChamHoe-kṣama. As a result, kṣama was settled down as practice or faith of the Buddhism. Also it was succeeded as a cultural form. Ān shì gāo early age in Later-Han Dynasty translated the 『shè̌ lì fú huǐ guō̇ jīng(舍利弗悔過經)』. This teaches the importance of repentance. Specially, the term of ‘kṣama’ was settled down when it came to Zhī qiān in the age of Wu(吳) Dynasty or Kāng mèng xiáng and henceforth developed as sentences through combination of related words in the course of flow of times. Through this study, the trend of specific age can be examined by the terminologies that composed of kṣama. The method of study for this article was the Date Index Review through the complete enumeration method. So to speak, the concerning terminologies were able to be searched by the use of computer. This was a much developed form compared to the Index Work method in the past. Those searched kṣama and related terminologies were classified and analyzed and every nuance of them was examined. The cases of meaning changes and given wider utilizations were reviewed upon combination with other words by respective Cham or Hoe. Also, the relationship with the translation by Xuanzang represented as the new translation was examined. The volume of translations in the name of Kumarajiva indicated to be rather vast. As referred by Gao-Seng-Chuan(高僧傳)”, the translation of the Buddhist script was completed by the active support of Yaoxing. Chinese student monks were participated centered on Xiāo yáo yuán(逍遙園). Thus it is quite natural to have been implemented an accurate review about the translation. Kṣama was developed repeatedly to be rite(儀禮) or ritual(儀式), and eventually settled down as the Buddhist culture till today.