불교의 참회수행 – 초기경전인 한역 『아함경』을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This thesis is an article that takes a look at the 「Discipline of Deśanā (Kṣāma) in Buddhism- Focusing on the Initial Scriptures of Chinesetranslated ‘Agama (阿含經Ahamgyeong)’ -」. We, the humans, are the presence of living with the good karma or deeds and evil karma or deeds with the body, word and thought on daily basis. Deśanā (Kṣāma) in Buddhism starts from the trīi karmāi of such body, word and thought. Following is the formulation of result analyzed with 「Discipline of Deśanā (Kṣāma) in Buddhism- Focusing on the Initial Scriptures of Chinesetranslated ‘Agama (阿含經Ahamgyeong)’ -」. First, the implication of deśanā (Kṣāma) includes the hṛi-apatrāpya as the act of reflecting on one's wrong deed and display its wrong deed. Second, the discipline of deśanā (Kṣāma) is the method of sattva edification from the time of Śākyamuni – Bhagavat that had been an extremely important ethical virtue. This is attributable to the fact that such discipline of deśanā (Kṣāma) is connected to the religious precepts to be applied as a virtue of basic ethics most fundamental for all tirthaka:tirthika brāhmaas to keep together with the Sabudaejung (4 classes of Buddha followers) of religious order. Third, in the story of Agama (Ahamgyeong阿含經) for 4 types of Korean-translated, it is shown to have 3 elements of deśanā (kṣāma), namely, people of deśanā (kṣāma), subject of deśanā (kṣāma) and act of deśanā (kṣāma). And the one that is equipped with the 3 requirements of deśanā/kṣāma would be the events of the initial Buddhist order of ‘upavasatha; poadha’ and ‘pravāraa’ and the ‘upavasatha; poadha’ and ‘pravāraa’ is still handed down in the Korean Buddhism today. And, fourth, a common fact learned through the cases of this study in ‘Dīrghāgama-sūtra’, ‘Madhyamāgama-sūtra’, ‘Sayuktāgamasūtra, and Ekottarāgama-sūtra is that the core doctrine of Buddha regarding the deśanā (kṣāma) is constantly concluded in the pratitaya-samutpada and catvāri-āryasatyāni. Therefore, the biggest characteristics of the deśanā (kṣāma) discipline of Buddhism today is to remove the foolishness by having the Buddha to enthusiastically intervene to accept their deśanā (kṣāma) by brahmacārin, king, criminals, upāsaka, upāsikā and discipline persons in Buddhist priesthoods from the tirthaka: tirthika brāhmaa, and they are edified with the metaphor of the temperamental discourse and present the discipline to march forward the stage of peaceful vimoka by deviating from the restriction of evil karma as well as confirming them through the guidance.