후기 조사선(祖師禪)에 나타난 노장(老莊)사상과 선사상의 변용

Abstract

This writing considers the variation of the thought of the late Josaseon by osmosis of that of Lao tzu. Josaseon(祖師禪, the Patriarchal Seon) is a late terminology in the history of Seon, but its ideological characteristics were established in YukjoDangyeong(六祖壇經, the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch). Josaseon is divided into the early one revolving around the idea of YukjoDangyeong and the late one composed of its five families(五家, the five sects). It is the characteristics that the early one is developed focusing on Human nature (人性) and Human mind (人心) and that the late one is on Physical properties (物性) and The great opportunity (大機). We can say that this ideological change in the late one was caused by the thorough osmosis of the thought of Lao tzu. It is considered that this process resulted from the ideological influx of The Ox-head Seon(牛頭禪) from ‘An Shi's Rebellion’ through ‘Huichang FaLuan(會昌法亂)’. In the late Josaseon the omnipresence of the Tao was greatly emphasized and so-called Buddha-nature of the none-sentient being was advocated. This tendency was getting stronger and stronger, which brought in even calling the Buddha a 'dry dung stick'. From my own research I demonstrate here that this physicalization of Buddha-nature is the result of thorough osmosis of the thought of Lao tzu. And the tradition of Seon that cursed the Buddha and rebuked the patriarch (呵佛罵祖) appeared since Linji Yixuan(臨濟義玄), is related to omnipresent Tao proposed in 'The Zhuangzi (莊子)'