불성론(佛性論)의 변용으로 본 조사선(祖師禪)의 전개

Abstract

This paper examines Buddha-nature theory and the theory of sudden enlightenment that emerged after Buddhism was introduced to China. And we examine the process by which Chinese Zen emerged from the conflict between Dìngxué(定學) and Bodhidharma Zen(達摩禪), and later the emergence of the Buddha-nature theory of Míngxīnjiànxìng(明心見性) in the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch. In addition, we examine the process in which ‘nonemotional Buddha nature(無情佛性)’ became the mainstream in the later Patriarchal Seon period that emerged after the Ānshǐ(安史) Rebellion and the Huìchāng((會昌) persecution. In Chinese Buddhism, it was Tao Sheng(道生) who advocated the fullfledged Buddha-nature Theory and sudden enlightenment. At the time, Tao Sheng subdued the theory of dharma nature of Huìyuǎn(慧遠) in the south and the prajna doctrine of reality and impermanence of Kumarajiva in the north, and developed Buddha-nature theory and the theory of sudden enlightenment. However, in Chinese Zen, Dìngxué(定學) centered on Zen was the mainstream during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. However, in the later period of the Northern Dynasty, Zen theory centered on Buddha-nature and Prajna of Bodhidharma(達摩) was introduced, showing an aspect of conflict. In the Tang Dynasty, Zen theory centering on 'mind' emerged in earnest from Dàoxìn(道 信)-Hóngrěn(弘忍)'s Dōngshānfǎmén(東山法門), and the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, which succeeded it, emerged in earnest. With this, the Buddha-nature theory of Míngxīnjiànxìng(明心見性)’, with ‘sudden enlightenment’ as its core, emerged. However, after going through the ‘Ānshǐ( 安史) Rebellion’, Buddhism came to accept the non-emotional Buddha nature( 無情佛性) in order to integrate ideas, and especially after the ‘Huìchāng(會昌) persecution’, the ‘non-emotional Buddha nature’ became the mainstream of the later Patriarchal Seon period. This acceptance and development of nonemotional Buddha nature can be evaluated as the realization of Buddhism's complete fusion with traditional Chinese thought.