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젠더레짐에 따른 성역할태도 결정요인 차이에 관한 연구 - 스웨덴, 독일, 한국 비교 -

A Study on the Differences in Determinants of Gender Role Attitudes among the Gender Regimes: A Comparison among Sweden, Germany and Korea

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

이 연구는 성역할태도와 성역할태도를 결정하는 메커니즘이 젠더레짐에 따라 어떤 차이를 보이는지규명하기 위한 연구이다. 이 연구에서 주목한 젠더레짐의 유형과 분석대상 국가는 이인소득자모델로 대표되는 스웨덴, 1인생계부양자모델 또는 분리된 성역할모델로 대표되는 독일, 국가 차원의 제도화된 가족지원정책이 거의 없었고 시장을 통해 돌봄 서비스가 공급되는 한국의 3개 국가였다. 분석 시기는 성역할태도에 관한 ISSP자료를 활용할 수 있는 2000년대 초반이다. 분석결과, 스웨덴의 성역할태도 점수가 가장높았고 한국이 가장 낮았는데, 각 레짐별 특성에 따라 성역할태도의 균열지점이 차이를 보였다. 이인소득자모델을 지향하고, 정책적으로 여성의 경제활동 참여와 양성평등을 추구하는 스웨덴의 경우, 결혼지위와고용지위, 어린 자녀의 존재가 더 이상 성역할태도의 균열 지점이 아니었다. 반면 독일은 여전히 결혼지위,고용지위가 성역할태도의 차이를 결정짓는 균열 지점으로 남아 있었다. 한국의 경우, 스웨덴, 독일과 다른성역할 인식구조를 보이는 것으로 나타났는데, 두 서구 국가들은 성별분업에 대한 일반적인 규범적 태도와일상생활 속에서 실제 여성의 취업이 아동과 가족의 삶에 미치는 영향에 대한 태도가 일관성을 갖고 통합되어 있다면, 한국은 두 가지가 분화되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 일반적인 규범적 태도는 평등한 방향으로 변화했지만, 실제 여성취업의 결과가 미치는 영향에 대해서는 전통적인 태도를 보였다. 이는 한국 사회에 일・가정 양립을 둘러싼 이상과 현실 간의 괴리 현상이 존재하고 있음을 보여주는 결과라고도 할 수있다. 여성취업의 결과에 대한 태도와 일반적인 성역할 규범에 대한 태도 2개 하위척도에 대한 분석 결과,성별, 연령, 교육수준, 고용지위, 모의 교육수준 변수는 서로 상이한 결과가 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해성역할태도 결정요인 메커니즘이 배태되는 맥락으로서 젠더레짐의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the differences in determinants of gender role attitudes among the different gender regimes and to reveal the embedded mechanism which determines the gender role attitudes. To compare the determinants of gender role attitudes, Sweden(the dual-earner regime), Germany(separate gender role regime) the Korea(market-oriented regime) were selected. The data were collected in early 2000s. Research findings are as follows. First, Swedish gender role attitude is the most progressive and that of Korea is the most conservative. Secondly, the cleavages of gender role attitudes differ among regimes except gender and age, that is, ‘female’ and ‘younger age’ have a statistically significant effect on progressive gender role attitudes. Education,religion, mother’s working were statistically significant in Sweden and Germany and subjective social position and young child were significant only in Germany. Marital status and employment status were significant in Germany and Korea. As for Korea, the determinants of gender role are different from Germany and Sweden. Korean gender role attitude was categorized into 2 measures which are ‘general gender role attitude’ and ‘attitude toward women’s working’ comparing to unified gender role attitude of Germany and Sweden. ‘General gender role attitude’ was progressive, however, ‘attitude toward women’s working’ was conservative and those determinants were different according to sex, education, marital status and employment status. This difference means the disparity between the ideas and reality on the work-family balance. These research findings verify the effectiveness of gender regime as an institutions and structure in which the mechanism of gender role attitude determinants was embedded.

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