간화선의 화두의심과 분심에 대한 현대적 해석 - 대혜종고와 몽산덕이·고봉원묘의 간화선에 나타난 특징을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Thisstudy exploresthe modern utilization of Ganhwaseon, a central practice of Korean Buddhism, by interpreting it from a contemporary perspective. This discussion is attempted from three main perspectives. First, this study examines the features of Ganhwaseon at Dahui-Zongggo, Mongshan-Deyi, and Gaofeng-Yuanmiao, which have had a significant impact on Korean Buddhism, with a focus on topicality. It was argued that Korean Ganhwaseon is more influenced by Mongshan and Gaofeng than by Dahui, and that it emphasizes the stages of maturity of the Doubt of Hwadu. However, Dahui, the founder of Ganhwaseon, presented the Doubt of Hwadu as a way of turning around one's problems rather than the stages of maturity of the Doubt of Hwadu. Secondly, it raises the issue of the interpretation of Endeavoring Heart(憤心) given by Gaofeng. Gaofeng interpreted Endeavoring Heart as the desire to avenge one’s parents’ deaths, and the Korean Ganhwaseon interpreted Endeavoring Heart as self-reproach and the immense willpower and perseverance to make the impossible possible. However, this interpretation of Endeavoring Heart is based on Gaofeng’s own individual experience and differs from the decisive will emphasized by Dahui, the founder of Ganhwaseon. Third, the author approaches and interprets Ganhwaseon’s the Doubt of Hwadu and Endeavoring Heart from a modern perspective. First of all, the method of mindfulness that is suitable for modern people is the method of turning the mind through doubting in everyday problems that Daehui emphasized, rather than the method that Mongshan and Gaofeng emphasized, which is based on the gradual maturation of rituals such as Dongjeongilyeo(動 靜⼀如), Mongjungilyeo(夢中⼀如), and Omaeilyeo(寤寐⼀如). I examined how this approach is being attempted through the Recovering Human Mind (RHM) program, Byron Katie’s The Work, and others. I also interpreted Gaofeng’s Endeavoring Heart in terms of Angela Duckworth’s concept of “Grit” from a modern perspective. Gaofeng’s concept of Grit refers to the determination suggested by Dahui, and if it is interpreted in a literally, it may neglect the practice of compassion emphasized by Dahui. Grit, on the other hand, emphasizes an altruistic attitude, which is appropriate with the fundamental purpose of the Ganhwaseon.