화두가 의심되는가, 화두를 의심하는 자가 의심되는가*- 대혜종고와 몽산덕이의 간화선을 중심으로

Abstract

This study began with raising the question of whether the difficulties we are currently facing about Ganhwaseon may be the result of the change in the practice of Ganhwaseon. Daehui advocated a method of simplification that anyone could practice in everyday life, regardless of social status, gender, age, or educational background. However, currently in Korean Buddhism, Ganhwaseon is recognized as a method of practice relatively suitable for those who have entered the Buddhist priesthood, which is different from the intention of Daehui who established Ganhwaseon. This paper compares the characteristics of Mengshan's Ganhwaseon, which had a great influence on Korean Ganhwaseon, through the discussion of Daehui's Ganhwaseon, which had not received much attention in the academic world. This thesis discusses the following three points of view. First, from the viewpoint that all Hwadu have universal characteristics, Daehui paid attention to the Hwadu to directly solve the questioner’s problem. This Hwadu was not a Hwadu based on the old Gongan, but a Hwadu that made the questioner look back on his or her original nature through the question ‘what is it?’. Second, the characteristics of the Hwadu presented by Daehui were discussed through the metaphor of ‘Bin-ho-so-ok (頻呼小玉)’, which shows the structure of Daehui’s Ganhwaseon. The Hwadu emphasized by Daehui is a meaningless word, and has the characteristic of doubting those who doubt it. Third, the characteristics of Mengshan's Ganhwaseon were examined and compared with Daehui's Ganhwaseon. Through this, it can be seen that Daehui’s Ganhwaseon has a strong reductive character that makes those who doubt the Hwadu suspicious, while Mengshan's Ganhwaseon emphasizes concentration and selection on the Hwadu. Through this discussion, Ganhwaseon, which is currently needed in the Korean Buddhist world, emphasized that the questioner needs a Ganhwa method that reflects one's original mind rather than holding on to a single Hwadu like a cat catching a mouse.