슘페터와 맑스: 역사관, 자본주의관, 사회주의관 비교
Schumpeter and Marx on the Vision of History, Capitalism and Socialism
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이 논문의 목적은 슘페터와 맑스의 역사, 자본주의, 사회주의에 대한 비전을 비교하는데 있다. 슘페터는 맑스라는 거인을 통해 경제학이 단순히 경제문제를 다루는 분야가 아니라 복잡한 사회이론이자 역사학이고 나아가 인간과 삶을 이해하는 하나의 방식임을 주장한다. 역사의 불연속성을 중시하는 맑스는 계급투쟁을 자본축적의 추동력으로 간주함에 반해, 역사의 연속성을 보는 슘페터는 경제메카니즘에 내생적인 기업가의 역할을 강조한다. 이들은 사회주의 도래의 필연성을 보았지만, 사회주의자인 맑스가 사회주의를 명확히 정의하지 않았음에 반해, 보수주의자인 슘페터는 자본주의에 대한 사회주의의 우월성을 이론적으로 인정한다. 역사가 연속적 흐름인지 아닌지에 관한 관점의 차이에도 불구하고, 이들은 모두 역사적 시간을 경제분석에 도입한다.
Abstract
This paper aims at comparing Schumpeter with Marx on the vision of history, capitalism and socialism. Standing on the shoulder of giant of Marx, Schumpeter suggested that economics was not the mere field dealing with economic topics but a way of thinking about the human life including history, philosophy and social science. Marx who thought the discontinuity of history very important made class struggle the driving force of capital accumulation while Schumpeter considering history as the continuous flow placed the emphasis on the role of entrepreneur endogenous to the economic mechanism. They saw the necessity of socialism to become. The socialist Marx did not give the clear definition of socialism, whereas the conservative Schumpeter recognized the theoretical superiority of socialism to capitalism. Despite the difference of vision on the problem as to whether history is continuous flow or not, they all have introduced the historical time into the economic analysis.
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