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심신중재법으로서 요가의 치료적 적용

Therapeutic application of yoga as a mind-body intervention

왕인순|조옥경
한국건강심리학회 (Korean Health Psychological Association)|2016.03|한국심리학회지: 건강 (Korean Journal of Health Psychology)|제21권 제1호|pp. 1-18|DOI 10.17315/kjhp.2016.21.1.001

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마음챙김mindfulness자기조절self-regulation요가yoga자기자각요가치료yoga therapy심신중재법심신통합mind-body interventionmind-body integrationself- awareness
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 최근 급속히 성장하고 있는 요가의 치료적 적용 현황을 살펴보고 심신통합적 관점에서 요가를 재조명하기 위한 것이다. 해탈을 추구하는 전통적 수행체계였던 요가는 서구에서 의료 및 건강전문가의 주목을 받으면서 보완대체의학 분야에서 ‘심신중재법’으로 인정받았으며 ‘요가치료’라는 독립된 분야로 성장하고 있다. 요가치료 성장의 배경에는 인도에서의 전문적인 요가병원의 설립, 치료지향적인 인도 요가스승들과 서양 건강전문가들과의 공동작업을 통한 요가의 과학화, 서양에서의 요가치료의 대중화와 요가치료사의 양적 팽창이 있었다. 현재 요가치료는 신체정렬 중심 요가치료, 심리중심 요가치료, 임상현장에서 치료적으로 활용되는 요가로 세분되어 발전하고 있다. 현재까지 과학적이고 체계적인 방법을 통해 검증된 요가의 치료적 효과는 통증, 심혈관계 질환, 면역기능 등의 신체적 효과와 우울, 불안, 스트레스, 수면 등의 심리적 효과로 대별할 수 있다. 자기자각과 자기조절을 강조하는 요가의 심신통합적 접근은 심신의 치료 및 건강을 위한 기법으로 마음챙김요가, 이완을 강조하는 회복요가, 호흡조절 중심의 요가, 주의조절을 위한 명상을 제공하고 있다. 이러한 요가치료의 추세를 고려할 때, 향후 한국의 심신건강 분야에 신체움직임, 호흡, 이완, 명상의 통합적 치료기법을 갖춘 요가가 적극 도입되기를 기대한다.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the rapidly growing therapeutic applications of yoga, and to examine yoga as a mind-body integrative technique. Yoga has long been regarded as important spiritual practices for moksha in India. It is now recognized as one of the mind-body interventions in complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) that is gaining much attention from western medical personnel and various health care professionals, which has resulted in a new field of ‘yoga therapy’. Yoga therapy owes its growth to some underlying factors including the establishment of specialized yoga clinics in India, the collaborative efforts of therapy-oriented Indian gurus and western health professionals, popularization of yoga therapy in the west, and increasing number of yoga therapists. Yoga therapy is now divided into three fields i.e., physical alignment-centered therapy, psychological health-centered therapy, and therapy-oriented yoga in various clinical settings. Systematic and scientific research has confirmed the therapeutic effects of yoga for physical problems such as pain, cardiovascular diseases, immunological dysfunction, and for mental problems such as depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disorders. The mind-body integrating approach of yoga places much emphasis on self-awareness and self-regulation for improving physical and mental health. Yoga therapy involves specific techniques such as mindful yoga, relaxing restorative yoga, breathing-focused yoga, and yogic meditation for attention regulation. Yoga therapy, which attempts to integrate mind and body with the help of physical movement, proper breathing, relaxation, and meditation, has potential in the development of the field of mental health in Korea.

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