증언과 고백의 세계: 텔레비전의 사사화와 치료윤리
Testimonial Television: Privatization of Public Sphere and the Therapeutic Ethos
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증언과 고백 형식으로 수행되는 '개인적 이야기를 공개적으로 말하기'가 텔레비전의 다양한 포맷에 깊숙이 침투되어 있다. 본고는 텔레비전 프로그램에서 말하기, 혹은 발언의 형태와 속성들을 살펴보고 이러한 말하기를 통해 수행되는 텔레비전의 치료 기능에 대해서 검토하고자 하였다. 논의는 토크쇼를 중심으로 하되, 여타 텔레비전 포맷에 대한 언급을 덧붙이는 행식을 취하였다. 다양한 텔레비전 토크쇼 및 토크가 포함된 오락 프로그램들에 대한 포맷과 수사학적 요소들을 분석한 결과 공적 영역과 사적 영역의 위기 혹은 경계흐리기라는 텔레비전의 사사화 경향을 확인하였다. 그 구체적인 특징으로는 일화(혹은 에피소드) 중심, 구경거리/관음주의/구경꾼으로의 공중/대리 참여, 그리고 허위적 친밀감/준사회적 상호작용 등의 속성을 분석해냈다. 또한 우리의 대중문화에 만연해가고 있는 증언과 개인사 고백이 텔레비전의 지배적 형식이 되고 있음을 확인하고 그 치료윤리와 이의 사회문화적 함의를 찾아내는 작업이 수행되었다. 그 결과 증언이나 고백 등과 같이 사적인 내용을 공개적으로 드러내기로서의 말하기가 개인들의 정체성 수립과 진실성을 입증하는 도구로 자리잡고 있음이 확인되었다.
Abstract
This study describes how intimate-public speech is delimited within the ideological apparatus of commercial television in which the talk show and other variety programs operate. Within television culture, we are facing a rising tendency which treats talk as a therapeutic means of testifying private matters as public truths. We are experiencing an emergence of an ethic of tolerance which celebrates the private as public and allows the taboo to be spoken even if universally condemned. Many of television programs work within this new trend of intimate-public talk where the individual's public persona is acknowledged and championed for the purpose of exposing difficult personal truth before an audience. This new trend manifests itself not only in talk shows but, more generally, Korean popular culture. Confession is a talking therapy that authenticated the self in a world where authenticity seemed increasingly untenable. We see the tendency of using intimate-public disclosure as a way of authenticating the private self. Talk shows deliver a sense of talk as an apolitical activity that promotes knowledge and tolerance through entertainment. Television programs working within the classification of infotainment present a form of talk that has no apparent consequences or seriousness. They aspire to an ideal form of tolerance despite the fact that such tolerance may be difficult to find outside of the studio. It is not too early to say that talk shows are creating new Korean ethical orthodoxy that protects and tolerates all forms of expression.
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