공무원의 직무자율성이 업무성과에 미치는 효과: 잡크래프팅(Job Crafting)의 조절효과를 중심으로
The Effect of Job Autonomy on the Job Performance of Public Officials : Focused on the Moderating Effect of Job Crafting
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 중앙정부 및 광역지방자치단체 소속 공무원의 직무자율성이 업무성과에 미치는 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 나아가 잡크래프팅(job crafting)이 이 둘 간의 관계를 조절하는지를 위계적 다중회귀모형으로 분석하였다. 그 분석결과, 직무자율성은 업무성과를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났고, 잡크래프팅의 하위변인(과업경계변화, 인식경계변화, 관계경계변화)들도 모두 업무성과에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 한편 조절변수의 경우 인식경계변화는 직무자율성과 업무성과 간의 관계를 강화시키는 것으로 나타난 반면, 관계경계변화는 그 관계를 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 업무성격이 구성원 혼자 독립적으로 수행하는지 또는 여럿이 협력하여 수행하는지에 따라 직무자율성과 잡크래프팅을 발휘할 수 있는 여건을 달리해야 한다는 점이다. 업무의 성격에 맞지 않게 일률적으로 직무자율성과 잡크래프팅을 장려하면 오히려 업무성과가 낮아질 수 있다는 점을 유의해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of job autonomy on the performance of public officials in the central government and local governments in Korea. Furthermore, we analyzed the hierarchical multiple regression model to determine whether job crafting moderates the relationship between the these two variables. As a result, job autonomy was found to improve job performance, and sub-variables of job crafting (task crafting, cognitive crafting, relational crafting) were also found to have a positive effect on job performance. On the other hand, in the case of moderating variables, cognitive crafting was found to reinforce the relationship between job autonomy and performance, whereas relational crafting was weakening the relationship. The results of this study show that the conditions for exerting job autonomy and job crafting should be different depending on whether the nature of job is performed independently or in cooperation. It should be noted that, inconsistent with the nature of work, encouraging job autonomy and job crafting may lower work performance.
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