본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

주주행동주의의 문제점과 대처방안

Company's countermeasures against the dysfunction of shareholder activism

0

조회

0

다운로드

19

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류법학

초록

Shareholder activism has been described as “the exercise and enforcement of rights by minority shareholders with the objective of enhancing shareholder value over the long term.” While defining shareholder activism by reference to the use of shareholder rights to enhance shareholder value describes the basic parameters of this corporate governance tactic, the formulation is too general in nature to distinguish hedge fund interventions from those carried out by mainstream institutional investors such as mutual funds and public pension funds. Hedge fund differs from activism by traditional institutional investors, and its implications for corporate governance and regulatory reform. It is directed at significant changes in individual companies, it requires higher costs, and it is strategic and ex ante. The reasons for these differences may lie in the incentive structures of hedge fund managers as well as in the fact that traditional institutions face regulatory barriers, political constraints, or conflicts of interest that make activism less profitable than it is for hedge funds. But the differences may also be due to the fact that traditional institutions pursue a diversification strategy that is difficult to combine with strategic activism. Although hedge funds have prospects for the future as active shareholders, their deep involvement in corporate governance and control raises two potential problems: the interests of hedge funds sometimes diverge from those of their fellow shareholders, and the intensity of hedge fund activism imposes substantial stress that the regulatory system may not be able to withstand. The history of Shareholder Activism in Korea is shorter than that of the United States. But the dysfunction of shareholder activism in Korea is as much as in the United States. Shareholder activism has negative side as well positive side to enhance the corporate value and the interests of other shareholders. Despite the affirmative aspects of shareholder activism, predatory shareholder activism has devastating effect on fellow shareholders and company. In order to cope with the negative aspects, especially predatory shareholder activism, we can utilize business judgement rule and controlling shareholder's fiduciary duty theory and it is necessary to build internal control system and to raise communication between management and shareholder.

Abstract

Shareholder activism has been described as “the exercise and enforcement of rights by minority shareholders with the objective of enhancing shareholder value over the long term.” While defining shareholder activism by reference to the use of shareholder rights to enhance shareholder value describes the basic parameters of this corporate governance tactic, the formulation is too general in nature to distinguish hedge fund interventions from those carried out by mainstream institutional investors such as mutual funds and public pension funds. Hedge fund differs from activism by traditional institutional investors, and its implications for corporate governance and regulatory reform. It is directed at significant changes in individual companies, it requires higher costs, and it is strategic and ex ante. The reasons for these differences may lie in the incentive structures of hedge fund managers as well as in the fact that traditional institutions face regulatory barriers, political constraints, or conflicts of interest that make activism less profitable than it is for hedge funds. But the differences may also be due to the fact that traditional institutions pursue a diversification strategy that is difficult to combine with strategic activism. Although hedge funds have prospects for the future as active shareholders, their deep involvement in corporate governance and control raises two potential problems: the interests of hedge funds sometimes diverge from those of their fellow shareholders, and the intensity of hedge fund activism imposes substantial stress that the regulatory system may not be able to withstand. The history of Shareholder Activism in Korea is shorter than that of the United States. But the dysfunction of shareholder activism in Korea is as much as in the United States. Shareholder activism has negative side as well positive side to enhance the corporate value and the interests of other shareholders. Despite the affirmative aspects of shareholder activism, predatory shareholder activism has devastating effect on fellow shareholders and company. In order to cope with the negative aspects, especially predatory shareholder activism, we can utilize business judgement rule and controlling shareholder's fiduciary duty theory and it is necessary to build internal control system and to raise communication between management and shareholder.

참고문헌 (144)

  1. Chee Keong Low, "A Road Map for Corporate Governance in East Asia", Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus, 25(165), pp.185~186 (2004)
  2. 이상민, "기업의 사회적 책임과 주주행동:미국과 한국의 소액주주운동 비교", 한국사회학, 40(5), pp.99~136 (2006), 한국사회학회
  3. Marcel Kahan, "Hedge Funds in Corporate Governance and Corporate Control", U. Pa. L. Rev, 155, pp.1021~1069 (2007)
  4. Brian R. Cheffins, "The Past, Present, and Future of Shareholder Activism by Hedge Funds", Journal of Corporation Law, 37, pp.51~56 (2011)
  5. Henry G. Manne, "Mergers and the Market for Corporate Control", J. Pol. Econ, 73, pp.115~117 (1965)
  6. April Klein, "Entrepreneurial Shareholder Activism: Hedge Funds and Other Private Investors", J. Fin, 64(187), pp.204~205 (2009)
  7. Hill & Ramsay, "Securities Regulation in Australia and New Zealand", pp.289~291 (1994)
  8. Jennifer Hill, "Visions and Revisions of the Shareholder", Am. J. Comp. L. (2000)
  9. Richard M. Buxbaum, "The Internal Division of Powers in Corporate Governance", Cal. L. Rev, 73, pp.1671~1683 (1985)
  10. Michael E. Levine, "Agenda Influence and Its Implications", Va. L. Rev, pp.561~ (1977)
  11. William L. Cary, "Corporations", pp.362~374 (1995)
  12. Robert C. Clark, "Corporate Law", 371~383 (1986)
  13. "432 F.2d 659", DC Cir, 680~681 (1970)
  14. Michelle McCann, "Shareholder Proposal Rule: Cracker Barrel in Light of Texaco", B.C.L. Rev, 39, pp.965~973 (1998)
  15. Melvin Aron Eisenberg, "Megasubsidiaries: The Effect of Corporate Structure on Corporate Control", Harv. L. Rev, 84, pp.1577~ (1971)
  16. Osmond K. Fraenkel, "The Curse of Bigness: Miscellaneous Papers of Louis D. Brandeis 75" (1934)
  17. Robert B. Thompson, "Piercing the Corporate Veil: An Empirical Study", Cornell L. Rev, 76, pp.1036~1036 (1991)
  18. Jennifer Hill, "Creditor Protection and Cross Guarantees: Australian Perspectives", Can. Bus. L.J, 24, pp.325~327 (1995)
  19. Jennifer Hill, , 38 Corp Practice Commentator, 381, pp.385~387 (1996)
  20. John Pound, "The Rise of the Political Model of Corporate Governance and Corporate Control", NYU L. Rev, 68, pp.1003~ (1993)
  21. Hill, "supra note 19", ~
  22. Henry Hansmann, "Worker Participation and Corporate Governance", U. Tor. L.J, 43, pp.589~591 (1993)
  23. Jensen, Michael C., "Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure", J. Fin. Econ, 3, pp.305~ (1976)
  24. Frank H. Easterbrook, "Voting in Corporate Law", J. Law and Economics, 26, pp.395~396 (1983)
  25. Walter Werner, "Management, Stock Market and Corporate Reform: Berle and Means Reconsidered", Colum. L. Rev, 77, pp.388~397 (1977)
  26. Henry Hansmann, "Toward a Single Model of Corporate Law?", pp.61~64 (2002), Oxford Univ.Press
  27. Adolf A. Berle, "The Modern Corporation and Property", pp.5~19 (1932), The Macmillan Co.
  28. Hansmann, "supra note 32", 76~
  29. Howard R. Bowen, "Social responsibilities of the businessman", pp.6~ (1953), Harper
  30. 김갑래, "기업의 사회적 책임에 관한 미국 판례 분석: 한국에 대한 정책적 시사점", 증권법연구, 13(1), pp.139~181 (2012), 한국증권법학회[DOI]
  31. "347 U.S. 483", ~ (1954)
  32. "163 U.S. 537", ~ (1896)
  33. Archie B. Carrol, "Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct", Business & Society, 38(3) (1999)
  34. "432 F.2d 659", D.C. Cir, ~ (1970)
  35. 이장원, "기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 확산과 노사관계에 대한 함의", pp.28~29 (2006), 한국노동연구원
  36. 대한상공회의소, "주주행동주주의 국내외 비교와 정책시사점", 정책조사자료, 6~ (2005)
  37. 한상완, "주주행동주의와 자본시장 건전화", 한국 IR협의회 회보, (80) (2007)
  38. Peter F. Drucker, "The Frontiers of Management: Where Tomorrow's Decisions Are Being Shaped Today", pp.62~ (1999), Truman Talley Books
  39. 남재우, "국민연금기금의 주주권 행사에 관한 소고", 자본시장 Weekly, 4~ (2012)
  40. Stuart L. Gillian, "Corporate Governance, Corporate Ownership, and the Role of Institutional Investors: A Global Perspective", Journal of Applied Finance, 13(2), pp.2~ (2003)
  41. 이상복, "외국에서의 주주행동주의의 한계와 개선과제 ―영국과 미국의 기관투자자 행동주의를 중심으로―", 증권법연구, 9(1), pp.121~173 (2008), 한국증권법학회
  42. 이해관계자 참여 측면에서의 주주관여(shareowner engagement) 현황과 시사점, "류영재", KCCI, ~ (2011)
  43. Francois Serge Lhabitant, "Handbook of Hedge Funds", pp.7~8 (2006), John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  44. 강인태, "헤지펀드(Hedge Fund)의 역사와 개념", 서강법학연구, 10(2), pp.233~282 (2008), 법학연구소
  45. "Hedge Fund is Coming", 미래에셋미디어[URL]
  46. Lhabitant, "supra note 58", 7~8
  47. J.P. Morgan, "Global Mergers and Acquisitions Review", ~ (2006)
  48. Stuart L. Gillan, "A Survey of Shareholder Activism: Motivation and Empirical Evidence", CONTEMP. FIN. DIG, 2(10), pp.1112~ (1998)
  49. Dionysia Katelouzou, "Myths and Realities of Hedge Fund Activism: Some Empirical Evidence", Va. L. & Bus. Rev, 7, pp.459~466 (2013)
  50. Kahan & Rock, "supra note 3", ~
  51. Katelouzou, "supra note 62", 467~
  52. John Buchanan, "Hedge Fund Activism in Japan: The Limits of Shareholder Primacy 6", pp.61~ (2012), at61
  53. "The Role of Private Pools of Capital in Corporate Governance: Summary and Main Findings" (2007)[URL]
  54. Frank Partnoy, "New Financial Instruments and Institutions: Opportunities and Policy Challenges", pp.101~115 (2007)
  55. Buchanan, "supra note", ~
  56. Anne Rivière, "The Future of Hedge Fund Regulation: A Comparative Approach", Rich. J. Global L. & Bus, 10, pp.270~271 (2011)
  57. Ronald D. Orol, "Extreme Value Hedging: How Activist Hedge Fund Managers are Taking on the World" (2009)
  58. Marietta Cauchi, Icahn, "Raider Or Activist?" (2005), Nat'l Post
  59. Susan Pulliam, "Once a Lone Wolf, Carl Icahn Goes Hedge-Fund Route", Wall St. J. (2005)
  60. Kate Mackenzie, "Greenmail is the New Black" (2005), Times
  61. "Collins Agrees to Private Equity Buyout", FinancialWire, ~ (2006)
  62. 한겨레, "1998년 2월 27일자 기사", ~
  63. 동아일보, "1999년 6월 19일자 기사", ~
  64. 김재원, "국민연금법 일부개정법률안(김재원의원 대표발의안)", ~ (2012)
  65. 이상직, "국민연금법 일부개정법률안(이상직의원 대표발의안)", ~ (2012)
  66. 김성주, "국민연금법 일부개정법률안(김성주의원 대표발의안)", ~ (2012)
  67. "국민연금, ‘주주행동주의’ 거세지나", News Tomato 2014년 3월 14일자 기사, ~
  68. 장하성, "소액주주권리 운동의 의의와 실천방향", '소액주주운동-기업 감시의 새로운 시도' 발표자료집 (1997), 소액주주운동 정책토론회
  69. 대한상공회의소, "주주행동주주의 국내외 비교와 정책시사점", 정책조사자료, 3~4 (2005)
  70. "한국일보 2001년 6월 24일자 기사", ~
  71. "한국경제 2004년 3월 7일자 기사", ~
  72. 최정식, "기업지배구조와 증권소송에서의 기관투자자의 역할", 기업법연구, 22(4), pp.293~319 (2008), 한국기업법학회
  73. 오성근, "펀드의 의결권행사와 펀드행동주의: 외국의 사례를 통한 우리제도의 현황과 개선방안을 중심으로", 상장협연구, (55), pp.89~ (2007), 한국상장회사협의회
  74. "연합뉴스 2012년 12월 20일자 기사", ~
  75. 2011년 기관투자자 의결권 행사 현황, "경제개혁연구소", 53~54, pp.경제개혁리포트 2011-13호 (2011)
  76. "한국일보 2011년 4월 27일자 기사", ~
  77. "제18대 대통령직인수위원회 제안 박근혜정부 국정과제", 55~
  78. "한국경제 2013년 4월 16일자 기사", ~
  79. 금융위원회, "자본시장국 업무브리핑", ~ (2012)
  80. "나는 주주다-주주의 권리를 지켜라, ‘주주행동주의’", Economy Journal, 2013년 4월 2일자 기사, ~
  81. Bernard S. Black, "Agents Watching Agents: The Promise of Institutional Investor Voice", UCLA L. Rev, 39, pp.811~821 (1992)
  82. Robert C. Pozen, "Institutional Perspective on Shareholder Nominations of Corporate Directors", Bus. Law, 59, pp.95~99 (2003)
  83. Robert C. Pozen, "Institutional Investors: The Reluctant Activists", Harvard Business Review Article, ~ (1994)
  84. Iman Anabtawi, "Some Skepticism about Increasing Shareholder Power", UCLA L. Rev, 53, pp.561~579 (2006)
  85. "Hart v. Comm'r, 73 T.C.M. (CCH) 1684", ~ (1997)
  86. "Purvis v. Comm'r, 530 F.2d", 9th Cir, 1332~1334 (1976)
  87. Anabtawi, "supra note 112", ~
  88. James P. Hawley, "The Rise of Fiduciary Capitalism" (2000)
  89. Michael C. Jensen, "A Theory of the Firm: Governance, Residual Claims, and Organizational Forms", pp.140~ (2000)
  90. 이철송, "회사법강의(제20판)" (2012), 박영사
  91. 近藤光男, "最新株式會社法", 中央經濟社, 319~ (2009)
  92. 대법원, "대법원 1985. 7. 31 선고, 85마214 판결", 31 선고, ~ (1985)
  93. 김화진, "주주와 경영진의 이상한 권력투쟁", 서울대학교 법학, 50(2), pp.415~449 (2009), 법학연구소
  94. 김경환, "평판리스크와 윤리경영의 역할", KiRi Weekly, pp.1~ (2010), 보험연구원
  95. "아시아경제 2013년 6월 5일자 기사", ~
  96. 정준우, "상법과 증권거래법상의 소수주주권과 그 문제점", 한양법학, (21), pp.774~793 (2007), 한양법학회
  97. Feuer, "Personal Liabilities of Corporate Officer and Directors", pp.20~ (1965), Prentice-Hall
  98. Edward Brodsky, "Law of Corporate Officers and Directors: Rights, Duties and Liabilities" (1995), Clark Boardman Challaghan
  99. 이영봉, "경영판단의 법칙에 관한 연구", 박사, 상사법, pp.1999
  100. R. Franklin Balotti, "The Delaware Law of Corporations and Business Organizations; Text, Forms, Law, Aspen Law & Business", pp.4~ (1997)
  101. "RMBCA", ~
  102. Gimble v. Signal Companies, Inc., "316A. 2d 599, 615", Del. Ch, ~ (1974)
  103. In re Caremark International, Inc., "698A. 2d 959", ~ (1996)
  104. A. Gilchrist SparksⅢ, "Recent Developments in Substantive Business Judgement Rule", North Carolina L. Rev, 61, pp.534~535 (1983)
  105. 홍석범, "경영판단의 원칙의 수용과 그 한계", 인권과 정의, pp.33~34 (2006), 대한변호사협회
  106. 이사의 손해배상책임과 제한에 관한 연구, "정호열", 한국상장회사협의회, 78~, pp.상장협 연구보고서 2003-1 (2003)
  107. "대법원 1996. 12. 23. 선고96다30465, 30472판결", ~
  108. "대법원 2002.3.15. 선고 2000다9086 판결", ~
  109. 권재열, "대법원 판례상 경영판단의 원칙에 관한 소고", 한국증권법학회 137회 정기세미나 발표자료, pp.10~ (2008)
  110. "東京地裁 平成 16年12月16日 判決 平10(ワ)17996号", ~
  111. "東京地裁 平成 16年12月16日 判決 平11(ワ)6202号", ~
  112. "東京地裁 平成 16年12月16日 判決 平12(ワ)25652号", ~
  113. "東京高裁 平成 20年5月21日 判決 平17(ネ)1348号", ~
  114. 김대연, "지배․종속회사에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)-지배회사 주주의 종속회사 회계장부열람권을 중심으로-", 법학연구, 43(1), pp.12~ (2002), 부산대학교 법학연구소
  115. 서완석, "지배주주와 주주유한책임원칙", 상사법연구, 23(3), pp.407~462 (2004), 한국상사법학회
  116. "DGCL", ~
  117. "Exchange Act Release No. 27,035, 54 Fed. Reg. 30,490, 30,492 n.23", ~ (1989)
  118. "Companies Act 2006", ~ (2006)
  119. "Companies Act 2006", ~ (2006)
  120. Robert Charles Clark, "Corporate Law, Little, Brown and Company", pp.390~392
  121. "현행 상법 제360조", ~
  122. J. A.C. Hetherington, "The Minority's Duty of Loyalty in Close Corporations", DUKE L.J, 1972, pp.946~ (1972)
  123. F. Hodge O'neal, "Thompson O'neal's Oppression of minority shareholders § 7.03 (2d ed. 1993 & Supp. 1996) at 11", ~
  124. 이기수, "주주의 충실의무", pp.163~ (1987), 법지사
  125. 윤민섭, "지배주주의 충실의무 도입에 관한 연구", 박사, 상사법, pp.2011
  126. Perlman v. Feldmann, "219 F.2d 173", 2d Cir, ~ (1955)
  127. Jones v. H.F. Ahmanson & Co, "460 P.2d 464", Cal, ~ (1969)
  128. "BGHZ 71", 40~
  129. "BGHZ 103", 184~195
  130. 김영균, "독일연방법원판결(Bundesgerichtshof)에 나타난 주주의 충실의무", 비교사법, 5(2), pp.563~ (1997), 한국비교사법학회
  131. 양동석, "독일의 Liontype 사건판결과 지배주주의 충실의무", 조선대학교 법학논총, 4, pp.137~ (1998), 조선대학교 법학연구소
  132. 정진옥, "주주의 충실의무 - Liontype 사건을 계기로 본 주주간의 직접적인 법률관계의 가능성", 부산대학교 법학논집, pp.171~ (1993), 부산대학교 법학연구소
  133. DiLillo v. Ustman Technologies, Inc., "No. B148198, Inc., 2001 Cal. App. LEXIS 1527", Cal. Ct.App, ~ (2001)
  134. 문정해, "주주행동주의 규제를 위한 충실의무 적용에 관한 연구", 비교사법, 16(1), pp.367~395 (2009), 한국비교사법학회
  135. 안택식, "연기금주주의 의결권 행사와 주주의 충실의무", 한양법학, 23(2), pp.121~151 (2012), 한양법학회[DOI]
  136. "자본시장법 제159조", ~
  137. "자본시장법 제161조", ~
  138. "자본시장법 제162조", ~
  139. Marc Zenner, "Hedge fund activists 2.0: They are back!", pp.2~ (2010), J. P.Morgan
  140. Christine Mallin, "The Role of Institutional Investors in Corporate Governance", pp.83~86 (2006)
  141. "국민신문고 사이트"[URL]
  142. 鳥飼重和, "內部統制時代の役員責任", 商事法務, pp.68~ (2008)
  143. 서완석, "내부통제시스템의 본질과 내부통제의무 위반에 대한 법적 책임", 상사법연구, 31(2), pp.271~329 (2012), 한국상사법학회

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (11건)