숙의민주주의 활성화를 위한 mini-publics의 유형과 적용에 관한 탐색적 연구
The Explanatory Study regarding Typology and Application of Mini-publics for Deliberative Democracy
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본 연구에서는 최근 한국 사회에서 큰 주목을 받고 있는 숙의민주주의에 대한 현실적 실현방안이자 소규모 숙의민주주의 형태인 mini-publics의 개념, 특징, 유형을 이론적·탐색적으로 살펴보았다. 특히 시민의회, 공론조사, 플래닝 셀, 합의회의, 시민배심원제 등 다섯 가지 mini-publics의 유형 각각에 대한 특징과 관련 사례에 대해 논의하였다. 무엇보다도 본 연구에서는 숙의성(deliberation)과 포괄성(inclusiveness)의 기준에 따라 다섯 가지 mini-publics 유형 중 숙의민주주의를 효과적으로 달성할 수 있는 유형이 어떤 것이 있는지를 상대적으로 비교·평가하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 본 연구에서는 mini-publics의 실제 적용가능성을 신고리 5․6호기 공론화 사례를 통해 간략히 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 향후 행정과 정책과정에서 다섯 가지 mini-publics 유형을 그대로 적용하기 보다는 공론화 목적, 정책특성, 정치적 상황, 공론화 의제 특성 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 mini-publics 유형을 탄력적·융합적으로 적용하는 것이 적절하다는 결론을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 mini-publics에 대한 탐색적 논의는 향후 한국의 숙의민주주의 실현 가능성을 확장시키는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This research examined theoretically deliberative democracy with high attention in recently Korea society in terms of mini-publics. It reviewed the concept, characteristics, and typology of mini-publics, which is small scale deliberative democracy and really contribute to attain deliberative democracy. In particular, we examined five mini-publics types: citizens' assembly, citizens' juries, planning cells, consensus conferences, and deliberative polls. Additionally, this research has relatively comparative evaluation on the five mini-publics typology based on two criteria such as deliberation and inclusiveness for attaing effective deliberative democracy. As a result, citizens' assembly had both high deliberation and medium inclusiveness; planning cells had both high inclusiveness and medium deliberation; polling polls had both high inclusiveness and low deliberation; consensus conferences had both high deliberation and low inclusiveness; and citizens' assembly had both medium deliberation and low inclusiveness. In addition, when we examined whether mini-publics could be applicable in Korea through Korea' Shin-Gori Nuclear Reactors No. 5 & 6 case. As a result, we found that it would be better to hold mini-public type in considering the deliberation purpose, political situations, and issue characteristics.
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