엘리트 사격 선수들이 지각하는 심리적 스트레스와 생리적 스트레스의 관계
The relationship between psychological and physiological stress perceived by elite shooters
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[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 엘리트 사격 선수들이 시합 시 경험하는 심리적-생리적 스트레스를 통합적 접근을 통해 선수들이 시합에서 경험하는 스트레스의 올바른 자각을 유도하고 이를 측정함으로써 경기력 향상에 유용한 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적이 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 대상은 권총 및 소총, 산탄총 등 국가대표 및 엘리트 사격 선수 38명을 대상으로 남자선수 13명, 여자선수 25명으로 선정하였다. 심리 검사지를 이용한 스트레스 측정은 박상혁(2016)의 엘리트 사격 스트레스 연구에서 탐색 된 스트레스 요인을 기초로 본 연구에 맞게 설문지를 제작하여 사용하였다. 생리적 스트레스 호르몬 지표인 cortisol은 타액을 이용하여 측정하였다. [결과] 심리 스트레스 하위요인에 대한 신뢰도 사전 사후 분석결과 통계적으로 유의확률은 나타나지 않았다. 시합 전날의 cortisol의 농도는 0.1704 µg/dL로 나타났으며, 시합 직전의 시합 직전의 농도는 0.3558 µg/dL로 유의하게 증가하였다. 상관분석 결과 시합 직전의 cortisol은 시합점수와 부적 상관(r=-.361, p=.036)으로 나타났으며, 다중회귀 분석의 결과 cortisol의 설명변량은 13%로 나타났다. [결론] 본 연구에서는 생리적 스트레스가 심리적 스트레스에 비하여 선수들의 경기력에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to provide useful information on the improvement of performance by measured the psychological-physiological stresses experienced by elite shooters during a competition. [Methods] Thirty-eight elite shooters participated in this study (Male = 13, Female = 25). Psychological stress was measured and used for this study based on the stress factors found in the elite target stress study by Park(2015). The cortisol, a physiological stress hormone, was measured using saliva. [Results] The reliability of the psychological stress sub-factor pre-post analysis results showed no statistically significant. The concentration of cortisol measured on the day before the competition (0.1704 µg/dL) significantly increased immediately before the competition (0.3558 µg/dL). Cortisol immediately before the competition showed negative correlation (r=-.361, p=.036) with the competition score, and the regression variable of cortisol was 13%. [Conclusions] In this study, physiological stress had a negative effect on elite shooters performance compared to psychological stress.
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