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코로나-19 팬데믹 전후 3년(2019년, 2020년, 2021년) 간 중학교 남녀 학생의 신체활동 수준과 특성에 관한 종단적 분석

Longitudinal Analysis of Physical Activity Levels and Characteristics Among Boys and Girls in Middle School During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2019, 2020, 2021)

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국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.03|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제1호|pp. 156-169

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중학생COVID-19 pandemic신체활동Physical activityAccelerometerCOVID-19 팬데믹종단적 분석Middle-school students3차원 가속도계순차적 혼합연구Sequential mixed study
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 코로나-19 팬데믹 전후 3년간 중학교 남녀 학생의 신체활동 수준과 특성을 종단적으로 분석하고 그 특성을 살펴보는 것이다. [방법] 순차적 혼합연구 모형 설계에 따라 진행되었으며, 양적 연구에서는 3차원 가속도계를 활용해 33명의 중학교남녀 학생을 대상으로 3년(2019년, 2020년, 2021년) 간 일주일 동안의 신체활동과 좌식활동 시간을 측정한 자료를반복 측정 ANOVA 분산분석법으로 분석하였다. 질적연구에서는 5명의 연구참여자를 선정해 포커스 그룹 면담을 중심으로 자료를 수집 및 분석하였다. [결과] 양적 연구 결과, 코로나-19 팬데믹 첫해 좌식활동은 유의하게 증가하였고, 저강도 활동과 MVPA는 유의하게 감소하였다. 팬데믹 첫해와 두 번째 해에서는 좌식활동, 저강도 활동, MVPA 모두 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 질적연구 결과, 펜데믹 첫해 신체활동 문제는 ‘바깥출입 통제’, ‘여가의 좌식화’, ‘구조화된 신체활동 감소’로 나타났고, 두 번째 해 들어 신체활동 문제가 개선되지 않은 이유는 ‘집중심 좌식화된 생활의 습관화’, ‘약한 사회적 고리’, ‘운동할 힘의 부족’으로 확인되었다. [결론] 코로나-19 팬데믹으로 인해 우리나라 중학생의 신체활동은 크게 감소한 반면, 좌식활동은 크게 증가하였으며, 신체활동 환경이 회복되어도 팬데믹 초기의 신체활동 문제가 자연스럽개 개선되지 않고 있었다.

Abstract

PURPOSE This study conducted a longitudinal analysis of physical activity levels and characteristics of middle-school boys and girls over a three-year period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study used a sequential mixed-methods research design. In the quantitative study; three-dimensional accelerometers were used to measure weekly physical activity and sedentary time over three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) among 33 middle-school boys and girls, and the data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. In the qualitative study, data were collected and analyzed through focus group interviews with five participants. RESULTS The quantitative study indicated a significant increase in sedentary behavior and significant decrease in low-intensity activity and MVPA during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the second year of the pandemic, no significant difference was observed in sedentary behavior, low-intensity activity, and MVPA compared to the data collected in the first year. During the pandemic’s first year, qualitative study identified the following physical activity problems: “lockdowns,” “sedentarization of leisure,” and “reduced structured physical activity.” The following reasons were identified for the lack of improvement in physical activity during the second year: “intensified sedentary lifestyle habits,” “weak social networks,” and “lack of energy to exercise.” CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant decrease in physical activity and a significant increase in sedentary behavior among middle-school students in South Korea, and even as the environments for physical activity have recovered, the physical activity problems of the early stages of the pandemic have not improved.

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