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한국과 일본의 스포츠법 비교 연구 : 국민체육진흥법, 스포츠진흥법, 스포츠기본법을 중심으로

Promotion and Framework Act on Sport in South Korea and Japan : A Comparative Study

윤상진
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.03|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제1호|pp. 93-121

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비교 연구국민체육진흥법스포츠기본법Comparative studyNational Sports Promotion ActSport Promotion Act스포츠진흥법Framework Act on SportBasic Act on Sport
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구는 한국과 일본 스포츠법의 제정 경위 및 배경 등을 탐색하고, 양국의 스포츠 관련 주요법률인 한국「국민체육진흥법」, 일본 「스포츠진흥법」 및 양국 「스포츠기본법」을 비교 분석하여 한국 「스포츠기본법」 및 스포츠법, 그리고 스포츠 정책을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. [방법] 연구자는 양국의 학술 데이터베이스 및 주요 검색포털 등을 통해 스포츠법과 관련된 연구물을 수집하여 분석을진행하였다. [결과] 첫째, 제정 당시의 한국 「국민체육진흥법」은 선행연구들의 고찰대로 거의 모든 조항에서 일본 「스포츠진흥법」 을 그대로 모방한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일본 「스포츠진흥법」을 전면 개정한 「스포츠기본법」은 ‘스포츠’의 개념을 더욱 확대하고, 기존에 없던 ‘스포츠권’, ‘스포츠입국’, ‘세계공통 인류문화로서의 스포츠’ 등을 명시하여 준헌법적 성격을 가졌다고 평가되었다. 셋째, 양국 「스포츠기본법」은 많은 개별조항에서 유사한 정책과 개념을 명시하고 있었으며, 한국 「스포츠기본법」에는 상위법 규정, 스포츠 가치의 ‘환경’ 및 ‘정치’ 분야 확산, 스포츠 남북 교류 및 협력 규정, 스포츠 기부문화 규정 등이, 일본 「스포츠기본법」에서는 전문 규정, 스포츠 인테그리티 관련 규정, 스포츠 분쟁의 신속 및적정한 해결 규정, 도핑 방지활동 추진 규정 등이 각각 독자적으로 명시되어 있었다. [결론] 본 연구에 대한 제언으로서, 법률상 ‘스포츠’ 및 ‘체육’ 개념의 명확화 및 한국 스포츠법상의 규정 모순 해결, 독립적 스포츠 정책 수행기구의 설립, 한국 스포츠관계법의 법적 체계성 확립, 현역시기부터 선수의 ‘스포츠 커리어’ 및‘라이프 커리어’ 양립 지원 등을 제시하였다.

Abstract

PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the enactment and background of Korean and Japanese sports laws, comparatively analyze the major sports-related laws of both countries, namely Korean National Sports Promotion Act, Japanese Sport Promotion Act, and the Framework Act on Sport of both countries, and derive implications for the Korean Framework Act on Sport, sports-related laws, and sports policy. METHODS Research related to sports law were collected through academic databases and major search portals in both countries and analyzed. RESULTS First, as reviewed in previous studies, the Korean National Sports Promotion Act at the time of its enactment imitated the Japanese Sport Promotion Act in almost all articles. Second, Japanese Basic Act on sport, which was a complete revision of Japanese Sport Promotion Act, further expanded the concept of “sports,” and specified nonexistent “sports rights,” “sport nation,” and “sport as a universally shared human culture,” was evaluated as having quasi-constitutional character. Third, the Framework Act on Sport of both countries specified similar sports policies and concepts in many individual articles. The Korea’s Framework Act on Sport independently included articles for superordinate law, spread of sports values into environmental and political fields, inter-Korean exchange and cooperation in sports, sports donation culture, and so on . Japan’s Basic Act on Sport independently specified preamble, sports integrityrelated articles, articles for prompt and appropriate resolution of sports disputes, and for promoting anti-doping activities, and so on. CONCLUSIONS This study offers suggestions for clarifying the legal concepts of “sports” and “physical education,” resolving contradictions in the articles of the Korean Sports-related Act, establishing an independent sports policy implementation organization, establishing the legal system of the Korean Sports-related Act, and supporting the “life career” from the time of active athletes.

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