본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

초보자의 경쟁상태불안과 주의초점이 골프 퍼팅 수행력에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Beginners' Competitive State Anxiety and Attention Focus on Golf Putting Performance

신명진|권택용|모단단|신석환|김영준
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.12|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제4호|pp. 679-686

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

골프 퍼팅Competitive state anxiety경쟁상태불안내적-주의초점외적-주의초점전체적-주의초점Internal-focusExternal-focusHolistic-focusGolf putting
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구는 주의초점이 초보자의 경쟁상태불안과 운동수행에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. [방법] 골프 퍼팅 경험이 전혀 없는 48명의 대학생을 피험자로 선정하였으며 내적-주의초점, 외적-주의초점, 전체적-주의 초점, 통제 집단에 각각 12명씩 무선으로 배정하였다. 모든 피험자들은 습득단계, 비경쟁 상황, 경쟁 상황에서 5m 거리의 골프 퍼팅을 실시하였다. [결과] 내적-주의초점, 전체적-주의초점, 통제 집단은 경쟁 상황에서 비경쟁 상황과 유사한 수준의 골프 퍼팅 정확성과 일 관성을 나타낸 반면, 외적-주의초점 집단의 골프 퍼팅 정확성과 일관성은 경쟁 상황에서 비경쟁 상황보다 유의하게 저하된 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 전체적-주의초점 집단은 경쟁 상황과 비경쟁 상황 모두에서 통제 집단보다 유의하게 높은 수준의 골프 퍼팅 정확성을 보였다. [결론] 전체적-주의초점은 초보자가 운동기술을 효과적으로 학습하고, 학습한 운동기술을 경쟁상태불안이 증가한 상황에 서 효과적으로 재현하기 위한 전략으로서 활용될 수 있다. 반면, 외적-주의초점은 경쟁상태불안이 증가한 상황에서 초보자 의 효과적인 운동수행을 유도하기 위한 전략으로서 고려될 수 없다.

Abstract

PURPOSE This study examined the effects of focus of attention on beginning golfers’ competitive anxiety and motor performance. METHODS Forty-eight college students with no prior golf putting experience were selected as participants and randomly assigned to internal-focus, external-focus, holistic-focus, and control groups (12 participants each). All subjects performed 5-m golf putting in acquisition, noncompetitive, and competitive situations. RESULTS In competitive situations, the internal-focus, holistic-focus, and control groups showed golf putting accuracy and consistency similar to those in noncompetitive situations, whereas the external- focus group’s golf putting accuracy and consistency were significantly lower in competitive situations than in noncompetitive situations. In addition, the holistic- focus group showed significantly higher golf putting accuracy than the control group in both competitive and noncompetitive situations. CONCLUSIONS Holistic-focus can be used effectively as a strategy for beginners to learn motor skills and reproduce learned motor skills when state anxiety increases. However, external attention focus cannot be considered a strategy to induce effective beginners’ exercise performance when competitive state anxiety increases.

참고문헌 (36)

  1. Abedanzadeh, R., "Both a holistic and external focus of attention enhance the learning of a badminton short serve", Psychological Research, 86(1), pp.141~149 (2022)
  2. Arent, S. M., "Arousal, anxiety, and performance : A reexamination of the inverted-U hypothesis", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(4), pp.436~444 (2003)
  3. Baumeister, R. F., "Choking under pressure : Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), pp.610~ (1984)
  4. Becker, K. A., "The use of multiple externally directed attentional focus cues facilitates motor learning", International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(5), pp.651~657 (2019)
  5. Becker, K. A., "The effects of attentional focus in the preparation and execution of a standing long jump", Psychological Research, 84(2), pp.285~291 (2020)
  6. Beilock, S. L., "When paying attention becomes counterproductive : impact of divided versus skill-focused attention on novice and experienced performance of sensorimotor skills", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 8(1), pp.6~ (2002)
  7. Bell, J. J., "Effects of attentional focus on skilled performance in golf", Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(2), pp.163~177 (2009)
  8. Bernier, M., "An investigation of attentional foci and their temporal patterns : A naturalistic study in expert figure skaters", The Sport Psychologist, 30(3), pp.256~266 (2016)
  9. Eysenck, M. W., "Anxiety and cognitive performance : Attentional control theory", Emotion, 7(2), pp.336~ (2007)
  10. Fairbrother, J. T., "Self-reported responses to player profile questions show consistency with the use of complex attentional strategies by expert horseshoe pitchers", Frontiers in psychology, 7, pp.1028~ (2016)
  11. Gucciardi, D. F., "Choking under pressure in sensorimotor skills : Conscious processing or depleted attentional resources?", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(1), pp.45~59 (2008)
  12. Jackson, R. C., "Using ‘swing thoughts’ to prevent paradoxical performance effects in golf putting", Science and Golf III, pp.166~173 (1999)
  13. Kearney, P. E., "A distal focus of attention leads to superior performance on a golf putting task", International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(4), pp.371~381 (2015)
  14. Kemarat, S., "Personality characteristics and competitive anxiety in individual and team athletes", Plos one, 17(1), pp.e0262486~ (2022)
  15. Lawrence, G. P., "Lets go surfing now, everybody’s learning how; attentional strategies on expert and novice surfing performance under both practice and competition conditions", European Journal of Sport Science, 20(2), pp.229~239 (2020)
  16. Leith, L. M., "Choking in sports : Are we our own worst enemies", International Journal of Sport Psychology, 19(1), pp.59~64 (1988)
  17. Leone, C., "Cognitive-motor dual-task interference : a systematic review of neural correlates", Neuroscience &Biobehavioral Reviews, 75, pp.348~360 (2017)
  18. Lewthwaite, R., "Optimizing motivation and attention for motor performance and learning", Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, pp.38~42 (2017)
  19. Liao, C. M., "Self-focused attention and performance failure under psychological stress", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(3), pp.289~305 (2002)
  20. Martens, R., "Development and validation of the competitive state anxiety inventory-2", Competitive Anxiety in Sport, pp.117~190 (1990)
  21. Mullen, R., "Conscious processing and the process goal paradox", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(3), pp.275~297 (2010)
  22. Mullen, R., "Attentional focus and performance anxiety : Effects on simulated race-driving performance and heart rate variability", Frontiers in Psychology, 3, pp.426~ (2012)
  23. Mullen, R., "Evidence for the effectiveness of holistic process goals for learning and performance under pressure", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 17, pp.40~44 (2015)
  24. Pashler, H., "Divided attention : Storing and classifying briefly presented objects", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1(1), pp.115~118 (1994)
  25. Peng, F., "The relationship of competitive cognitive anxiety and motor performance : testing the moderating effects of goal orientations and self-efficacy among Chinese collegiate basketball players", Frontiers in Psychology, 12, pp.685649~ (2021)
  26. Roshandel, S., "Do children benefit from external focus of attention as much as adults? A motor learning study", Modern Applied Science, 11(7), pp.1913~1844 (2017)
  27. Shadmehr, R., "Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control", Annual Review of Neuroscience, 33, pp.89~108 (2010)
  28. Shin, S., "The Effect of availability of peripheral vision information on advantages of attentional focus", Korean Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1), pp.65~74 (2020)
  29. Tsetseli, M., "The attentional focus impact on tennis skills’ technique in 10 and under years old players : Implications for real game situations", Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13, pp.328~339 (2018)
  30. Wickens, C. D., "Processing resource demands of failure detection in dynamic systems", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 6(3), pp.564~ (1980)
  31. Wulf, G., "Attentional focus and motor learning : a review of 15years", International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), pp.77~104 (2013)
  32. Wulf, G., "Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning : The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(5), pp.1382~1414 (2016)
  33. Wulf, G., "An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in beginners and experts", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(4), pp.384~389 (2007)
  34. Wulf, G., "Instructions for motor learning : Differential effects of internal versus external focus of attention", Journal of Motor Behavior, 30(2), pp.169~179 (1998)
  35. Wulf, G., "The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 54(4), pp.1143~1154 (2001)
  36. Zachry, T., "Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the result of adopting an external focus of attention", Brain Research Bulletin, 67(4), pp.304~309 (2005)

관련 논문AI추천

전체적-주의초점이 숙련자의 골프퍼팅수행에 미치는 영향권택용, 신석환국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 · 체육과학연구2020 · 제31권 제1호초보자 퍼팅 수행에서 자율성 지지 및 전체적-주의초점이 미치는 영향권택용, 모단단, 신석환국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 · 체육과학연구2025 · 제36권 제2호내 · 외적 주의초점 피드백에 따른 태권도 앞차기 동작기술의 학습 효과박수범, 홍승분국기원 · 국기원 태권도연구2019 · 제10권 제3호골프 퍼팅에서 세 가지 시각조건이 거리조절과 정확성에 미치는 영향김경백, 이정오, 홍준희국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 · 체육과학연구2014 · 제25권 제2호배드민턴 숏 서브에서 주의 초점에 따른 학습 효과의 차이 : 네트의 흰 선 주시 효과성을 중심으로송석현, 이응호, 한동욱학교체육연구소 · Asian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science2025 · 제13권 제4호골프퍼팅에서의 시선 행동과 동작 제어박승하국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 · 체육과학연구2006 · 제17권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)

선수 핵심 역량과 효율성의 역동이 성적에 미치는 영향: 경륜 선수의 입상을 중심으로김진세, 김필수, 이상현pp. 575-587남자 청소년 운동선수의 절실함이 자기관리에 미치는 영향: 성취목표성향의 조절효과권성호, 이한결pp. 588-599투구 시 보폭에 따른 공의 구속과 운동학적, 운동역학적 차이박동철, 조준행, 조기웅, 김병훈, 이세용pp. 600-608엘리트 여자필드하키선수의 포지션과 선수교체 시간이 운동 수행에 미치는 영향김미선, 최민경pp. 609-615탁구 숙련성과 시간차단 구간에 따른 상대적 시선 엔트로피 분석한동욱, 송석현pp. 616-627
원문 보기