탁구 숙련성과 시간차단 구간에 따른 상대적 시선 엔트로피 분석
Analysis of Relative Gaze Entropy According to Table Tennis Expertise and Levels of Temporal Occlusion
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[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 탁구 서브 리시브를 위한 숙련성과 시간차단 구간에 따른 시선 엔트로피의 차이를 분석하고, 히트 맵을 활용하여 시각탐색의 차이를 확인하는 것이다. [방법] 연구대상자는 숙련자 집단(n=6)과 초보자 집단(n=6)으로 구성하였다. 과제는 모니터 앞에 앉아서 Eye tracker를 착 용하고 모니터에서 제시되는 36개의 서브 영상을 보고 공의 길이가 짧은지 긴지를 예측하여 선택 반응 패드 중 Top(짧은 서브) 혹은 bottom(긴 서브) 패드를 누르는 것이다. [결과] 전체적으로 시간차단 구간이 늦을수록 빠른 반응시간과 높은 판단 정확성을 나타냈다. 숙련자는 초보자보다 시간차 단 구간 2와 3에서 높은 판단 정확성을 보였다. 히트맵과 시선 엔트로피를 분석한 결과, 초보자는 T1, T2, T3 모든 영역에 서 공에 대한 시각적 주의를 보이는 시각탐색을 보이며 높은 시선 엔트로피를 보였다. 숙련자는 전체적으로 시간차단 구간 에 따라 라켓 영역에 시각적 주의를 보였다. 그리고 T1과 T2에서는 낮은 시선 엔트로피를 보였으며, T3에서는 시선 엔트 로피가 높아졌다. [결론] 본 연구에서는 탁구 서브를 예측하기 위해서 숙련자는 초보자보다 적은 시선 엔트로피를 보이며, 라켓 부분에 시선 고정이 되는 것을 알 수 있다. 마찬가지로 초보자는 라켓보다는 공에 대한 정보에 더욱 시각적 주의를 기울이는 것을 확인 하였다.
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated differences in gaze entropy according to skill level and temporal occlusion in table tennis serve reception. METHODS Study participants were divided into a skilled group (n = 6) and a novice group (n = 6). The study task involved sitting in front of a monitor while wearing an eye tracker, watching 36 serve videos, and predicting whether the ball’s length would be short or long by pressing the "Top" (short serve) or "Bottom" (long serve) pad on the selection response pad. RESULTS Overall, the later the temporal occlusion level, the faster the reaction time and the higher the judgment accuracy. At temporal occlusion levels 2 and 3, skilled participants showed higher judgment accuracy than novices. Analysis of heatmap and gaze entropy revealed that novices exhibited visual search toward the ball across all temporal occlusion levels (T1, T2, T3) and had high gaze entropy. In contrast, skilled participants generally showed visual search to the racket area depending on the temporal occlusion level, with low gaze entropy at T1 and T2, and a tendency for increased gaze entropy at T3. CONCLUSIONS Compared to novices, skilled participants had lower gaze entropy and fixated more on the racket area when predicting table tennis serves. Similarly, novices focused more on the ball than on the racket. The study also proposed the value of using heatmap and Shannon entropy for this type of analysis.
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