고령집단의 인구이동 요인에 관한 연구 : 티부의 가설을 중심으로
Do the Elderly people Vote with Their Feet? : An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism
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초록
본 연구에서는 60세 이상의 고령인구를 대상으로 지역의 조세 및 지방정부의 공공서비스 공급을 위한 재정지출 구조의 차이가 인구이동을 유발하는 기제로 작동하고 있는가에 대한 경험적 검증을 시도하였다. 전국 230개의 기초지방자치단체를 대상으로 2005년부터 2010년 의 고령인구의 이동을 패널 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석한 결과 자치구와 시, 그리고 지방정부 전체를 대상으로 한 통합모형에서 조세와 공공지출이 고령인구유출에 미치는 영향은 티부의 가설을 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 인구유입의 경우 티부의 가설과 달리 동 지역의 지방세부담액과 지가의 상승은 인구 유입에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있으며 이러한 현상은 시, 자치구 등의 보다 도시화가 진행된 지역에서 더욱 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 지역의 조세 및 지가의 상승이 인구 유입과 유출을 모두 촉진하는 것으로 나타나는 이유는 전출자의 경우 동 변수가 거주비의 상승요인으로 인식되는 반면 전입자의 경우 자본화 및 투자의 관점에서 조세 및 공공지출을 파악하고 있기 때문이라 할 수 있으며 이러한 결과는 궁극적으로 유입자 및 유출자의 이동의 동기가 다른 점에서 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This article tried to test whether local governments’ fiscal structure and local tax burden have an effect on inter-governmental mobility of over sixty aged group from the Tiebout’s point of view. To articulate this subject, this article analyzed 230 local governments with multiple panel regression from 2005-2010. The testing results are that fiscal structure and tax burden have a similar effect with Tiebout-hypothesis on aged persons’ out-migration in Gu and City local governments. On the other hand, the fiscal structure and local tax burden also have a positive effect on aged persons’ in-migration and this result is more salience in metropolitan area. We can estimate that the main reason of this phenomenon comes from different mobility incentive and perception gap between in-migrants and out-migrants about tax burden. In case of out-migrants, tax burden is considered as increasing housing expenses but on the other hand, tax burden is considered as the results of capitalization or increasing property value to in-migrants.
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