사회취약계층의 자립성 향상을 위한 미국 도시재생정책의 성과와 한계: 미국의 사회서비스 프로그램을 중심으로
The Outcomes and Challenges of Neighbourhood Renewal Programmes in the US: The Case of Housing Related Social Services to Improve Self-Sufficiency
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초록
지난 30년 동안 우리나라의 도시재생정책은 물리적인 환경개선에 집중되어 사회취약계층이 지니고 있는 실업, 범죄, 건강, 교육 등과 같은 근본적인 문제들을 간과해왔다. 사회취약계층의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 그들 스스로 사회, 경제적인 활동을 할 수 있도록 하기 위한 정부의 지원방안이 요구된다. 본 논문은 ‘생산적 복지’에 기초하여 사회취약계층의 자립성 향상을 위한 지원정책들을 실천해오고 있는 미국의 사례를 고찰함으로써 우리나라에 유용한 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 논문은 서론을 제외하고 네 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 먼저 첫 번째 부분에서는 이론적 배경으로 신자유주의적 복지국가의 재편과 생산적 복지의 등장, 그리고 이러한 맥락에서의 사회취약계층을 위한 미국 도시재생정책의 변화과정을 살펴본다. 두 번째 부분에서는 1990년대 이후 미국의 도시재생정책 변화과정 가운데 시도된 사회취약계층의 자립성 향상을 위한 대표적인 사회서비스 프로그램들을 분석하고, 세 번째 부분에서는 이러한 분석내용을 바탕으로 미국 사회서비스 프로그램들의 성과 및 한계를 고찰한다. 마지막 네 번째 부분에서는 미국의 사례를 통해 우리에게 주는 시사점을 도출한다
Abstract
For the last three decades urban renewal policy in Korea has put too much emphasis on housing and the physical fabric of neighbourhoods. There has been too little attention paid to the fundamental problems of deprived communities in poor neighbourhoods. To renewing deprived communities, a new approach, which tackles problems of worklessness, crime, poor health and poor education and empowers communities to develop their own solutions, needs to set out. This paper explores neighbourhood renewal programmes in the US, which have made efforts to deal with the complex problems of deprived communities through providing social services to improve their self-sufficiency. These programmes are based on the idea of ‘productive welfare’, which values human capital and individual economic competitiveness. This paper consists of four parts: the first examines the emergence of productive welfare and its impact on neighbourhood renewal policy in the US; the second looks into neighbourhood renewal programmes in the US since 1990 in detail; and the third examines outcomes and challenges of the programmes. The final part suggests some lessons learned from the US experiences, which could be applied into Korea.
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