Can the Development of Mixed Communities Transform the Prospects of Deprived Neighborhoods? Lessons from the HOPE VI Program in the U.S.
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In the early 1990s, the US government launched its most ambitious community revitalization program ever - the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) (1993-2010) - in order to transform the prospects of deprived neighborhoods through the development of mixed communities. Social and tenure mixing in urban policy have also been deployed in Korea as a means of alleviating serious social and economic problems particularly in public housing estates. However, such policies are yet to achieve their goals. Conflicts between different social groups have continued to rise and the social and economic hardships seen in deprived neighborhoods have not eased. This research attempts to provide useful insights into addressing the problems of deprived neighborhoods through mixed communities. The paper firstly gives an overview of the theoretical assumptions around the problems of deprived neighborhoods in order to develop a conceptual framework that delineates the rationale for HOPE VI. The paper then aims to tease out the outcomes of HOPE VI using the evidence from existing research including academic literature and policy documents. Finally, the implications of these findings are considered in order to contribute to the wider debates on social and tenure mixing policies in Korea.
Abstract
In the early 1990s, the US government launched its most ambitious community revitalization program ever - the Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) (1993-2010) - in order to transform the prospects of deprived neighborhoods through the development of mixed communities. Social and tenure mixing in urban policy have also been deployed in Korea as a means of alleviating serious social and economic problems particularly in public housing estates. However, such policies are yet to achieve their goals. Conflicts between different social groups have continued to rise and the social and economic hardships seen in deprived neighborhoods have not eased. This research attempts to provide useful insights into addressing the problems of deprived neighborhoods through mixed communities. The paper firstly gives an overview of the theoretical assumptions around the problems of deprived neighborhoods in order to develop a conceptual framework that delineates the rationale for HOPE VI. The paper then aims to tease out the outcomes of HOPE VI using the evidence from existing research including academic literature and policy documents. Finally, the implications of these findings are considered in order to contribute to the wider debates on social and tenure mixing policies in Korea.
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