이슬람의 시각으로 본 프랑스 히잡 논쟁

Abstract

This study is designed to understand three major topics of the French Islam on the Islamic point of view. The first one is what is the reality of Hijab arguments in 1989, 2003 and 2005. The second one is why the French hate Islam and Hijab. The third one is what is the French laїcité and its limitations on the Islamic point of view. In September 1989, the first Hijab affairs happened in France. From the Islamic point of view, Hijab is a kind of fashion and a personal religious behavior and obligation. In other words, it is not a religious sign. Because the decision to wear Hijab is from a result of a personal commitment or tendency rather than an intention to signal Islamic principles to others. So many Muslims in France regard the Hijab affair as a political problem. This is the reason why the French Islam challenges to the French government and society. The original Hijab affair of 1989 is a touchstone for all kinds of Hijab affairs. In 1999, the French mass-media exaggerated the situation of Islam in France, and said the laїcité was deemed to be under threat from Islam. However, the threat had not yet been identified so clearly. In 2004, the proposed law against religious signs in public schools went to the National Assembly, and the French government passed the law prohibiting from public schools any clothing that clearly indicated a pupil's religious affiliation. Why the French government does so hate Hijab? And what is the relation between the State and Religion in France? And what is the laїcité and 1905's law, how the French Muslims challenge for the laїcité? These are the first steps to understand Hijab affairs and French Islam correctly. In Chapter 2, I described the European Islamphobia in order to explain the history of Europeans' hatred against Islam. In Chapter 3, how the French society acknowledges the French Islam was presented. In Chapter 4, what do the French think about Hijab, and what is the response of French Muslims against it was described. Many of the French have had a negative opinion against Islam since 1989 Hijab affair. In Chapter 5, what is the laїcité, and the adaptation of laїcité on Hijab, and the Islamic challenge were presented. The laїcité has its limitations to be applicable to the French Islam. In Chapter 6, why the French government is so eager to control and rule the French Islam was described. In conclusion, the French government has tried so eagerly to control the French Islamic organizations, but no concrete results have been appeared yet. This is the limitations of the laїcité by French government and the Islamic challenge against it.