‘히잡 논쟁’을 중심으로 본 독일과 이슬람의 문화 갈등

Abstract

The Hijab dispute in France, which heated up relations in Europe, was derived from the prohibition of hijabs worn by muslim girl students in public schools. This was based on the principle of religious freedom. In Germany, hijab prohibition is currently under dispute. However, there is a difference between the two disputes in Germany and France. Unlike France which regulates strict freedom of religion, Germany is not a completely secular country based on close cooperation between the nation and the church. The hijab prohibition in Germany is contradictory to national neutrality, freedom of religion, and the right of equality. The reason Germany prohibits the hijab is based on the negative perceptions associated with it. The hijab in German society, from the perspective of Christian universalism, symbolizes politics and oppression of women. The Baden-Württemberg government required woman teachers in public schools to remove the hijab during class. However, the teachers resisted and sued the state government, which lead to the current problem. The prohibition imposed by the government is contradictory in its validity because it is based on the universal senses of value and feminism of the western societies and prejudice against Islamic culture relating to orientalism, which is currently overflowing in German society. In particular, they consider muslim as the people who believe in a religion which is closely associated with violence and the hijab symbolizes 'anti-west' political views and oppression of women. It is derived from the prejudice against Islamic culture in western societies. In German society, which accommodates the largest number of muslim immigrants in Europe, such conflict between German and Islamic culture retrogresses multiculturalism. The discourse of classification as unified ideology of German society has been considered a serious problem. This study suggests that true multiculturalism can be realized when mutual efforts are made to overcome the conflict.