무바라크의 대이스라엘 정책과 이슬람 정치 세력에 관한 연구
A study on Egyptian foreign polices toward Israel and political Islam under Mubarak regime
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This paper is intended to figure out how and to what extent constructivism makes a contribution to the changes in Egypt's policy towards Israel and the relationship between them. Constructivism suggests that relations between nations and changes in national identity shape the policy decisions. This study concentrated on the cases of how Egypt and Israel adapted to the policy changes during the period from Mubarak regime to new president Mursey when the Muslim Brotherhood took power. Since 1967 when Egypt was completely defeated in a war, its national identity has gradually shifted from Arab nationalism to Egyptian nationalism. From the perspective of this Egypt-first identity, regaining the once-lost territory meant enhancing Egypt's national interest. Nassir's identity as a nationalistic leader prevented him from going against the Arab cause. Egypt's identity which was about placing emphasis on Arabs above others in foreign policies was challenged at a time when the country accepted the Rogers Initiative in 1967. Since 1977 under the Sadat regime, the two nations have tried to transform their relationship from "enemies" to "friends". Through a series of accommodation processes, Sadat visited Israel and put an end to the 30-year-long conflict between the two nations by concluding the Camp David Accord and the Egyptian-Israel Peace Treaty. Escalated domestic tensions and the socioeconomic crisis helped sever coalition among Arab nations and dismiss conflicts with Israel. After all, policies taken by his successor Mubarak strengthened the ties between the two countries. During the 30-year regime of Hossni Mubarak, two countries maintained peace within the peace process and advanced the relations between Palestine and Israel. Since 2011 when Egypt witnessed the revolution, its national identity has been in the process of changes influenced by Islam's political stance towards Israel. Also its national identity could change in a way of embracing a goal of building an Islamic country in Egypt. But the incumbent president Mohamed Morsey from the Muslim Brotherhood has kept peaceful ties with Israel through policies because its national identity for security remain unchanged. The new leader of Egypt serves as a better mediator than Mubarak based on his solidarity with Hamas,the offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood in the matters of conflicts between Israel and Palestine. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Egyptian foreign policies have been shaped by the changes in its national identity.
Abstract
This paper is intended to figure out how and to what extent constructivism makes a contribution to the changes in Egypt's policy towards Israel and the relationship between them. Constructivism suggests that relations between nations and changes in national identity shape the policy decisions. This study concentrated on the cases of how Egypt and Israel adapted to the policy changes during the period from Mubarak regime to new president Mursey when the Muslim Brotherhood took power. Since 1967 when Egypt was completely defeated in a war, its national identity has gradually shifted from Arab nationalism to Egyptian nationalism. From the perspective of this Egypt-first identity, regaining the once-lost territory meant enhancing Egypt's national interest. Nassir's identity as a nationalistic leader prevented him from going against the Arab cause. Egypt's identity which was about placing emphasis on Arabs above others in foreign policies was challenged at a time when the country accepted the Rogers Initiative in 1967. Since 1977 under the Sadat regime, the two nations have tried to transform their relationship from "enemies" to "friends". Through a series of accommodation processes, Sadat visited Israel and put an end to the 30-year-long conflict between the two nations by concluding the Camp David Accord and the Egyptian-Israel Peace Treaty. Escalated domestic tensions and the socioeconomic crisis helped sever coalition among Arab nations and dismiss conflicts with Israel. After all, policies taken by his successor Mubarak strengthened the ties between the two countries. During the 30-year regime of Hossni Mubarak, two countries maintained peace within the peace process and advanced the relations between Palestine and Israel. Since 2011 when Egypt witnessed the revolution, its national identity has been in the process of changes influenced by Islam's political stance towards Israel. Also its national identity could change in a way of embracing a goal of building an Islamic country in Egypt. But the incumbent president Mohamed Morsey from the Muslim Brotherhood has kept peaceful ties with Israel through policies because its national identity for security remain unchanged. The new leader of Egypt serves as a better mediator than Mubarak based on his solidarity with Hamas,the offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood in the matters of conflicts between Israel and Palestine. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Egyptian foreign policies have been shaped by the changes in its national identity.
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