다고르어 타청 방언의 어휘 구성 요소

Abstract

This paper examines the lexical elements which constitute the vocabularies of the Tacheng dialect of the Dagur language, which is spoken only by several thousand Dagur ethnics who have lived among the Han Chinese, the Kazakhs, the Uighurs, the Xibes, etc, in Northern part of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, China since 1760s. Rea(1958)'s 100 basic vocabularies are translated into Korean through the comparison of his English and French versions of the lists. Equivalents to those 100 words are compared among the Tacheng Dagur dialect, the Middle Mongolian, and the Khalkha Mongolian in the same table to make sure that more than 80% of the basic vocabularies of the Tacheng dialect of the Dagur language are of Mongolian origin, thus the Dagur language is genetically related to the Mongolian languages. Composition of the vocabularies of the Tacheng dialect is analyzed to find out the second largest portion of the lexical morphemes, next to the Mongolian ones, are not the Tungusic but unidentified elements both in genetic and in etymological senses in this dialect of the Dagur language. More specifically speaking, it was turned out that, of the 3,258 lexical morphemes of 2,404 Tacheng Dagur vocabularies collected by the author, there are 1,994(61%) Mongolian elements, 956(29%) elements of the unknown origins, 162(5%) Chinese borrowings, 136(4%) Tungusic elements, 8 Russian borrowings, and one Turkic(kəšinjəː- ‘to neigh’ < Kazakh kisine- ‘id.’) and one Tibetan elements(tək ‘point, dot’ < Tibetan thig[le] ‘id.’). Further studies both on the Dagur language in general and on the genetically unidentified lexical elements in Dagur vocabularies are proposed to find the essential parts of the Dagur language which make the Dagur language unique among the Mongolian languages, and which might lead us to the key for the better understanding about the relationship between the Dagur and the K'i-tan languages. Further studies are proposed also to find the Mongolian, the Tungusic and the Turkic elements which might have been temporally or wrongly included in those unknown elements.