斯瓦迪士200核心词在蒙古语族语言中的使用情况分析

Abstract

This paper uses a 200-word Swadesh list framework to conduct a comparative analysis of core words in several Mongolic languages native to China. Among these Mongolic languages, the 200 core Swadesh words are either unique in origin, foreign loanwords, or words sharing a common etymology across Mongolic languages. Although the numbers and percentages of these word origins vary slightly between Mongolic languages, they are still relatively uniform overall. In each of these languages, core words with a shared Mongolian etymology are most common. These words with common etymologies also have a systematic meaning correspondence relationship. Generally, these words varyingly possess an exact semantic correspondence, a close semantic relationship, or a related semantic relationship. Additionally, each language maintains a significant portion of core Swadesh words commonly used in ancient and medieval Mongolian but now absent from modern Mongolian, albeit to varying degrees.