‘아탈륵’ 및 ‘쿠쉬베기(코쉬베기)’ 職制 변화를 통해 본 19세기 부하라의 정치체제 변혁
The Post of Ataliq and Qoshbegi(Qushbegi) and the Transformation of the Bukharan Political System in the first half of the 19th century
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Majmaˁ al- arqām, produced in the Bukhara Manghit dynasty in the late 18th century, is recognized as one of the most important sources on the eighteenth century Bukhara political and administrative structure. However, the descriptions on the post of Ataliq as provider of water into irrigations in Bukhara and on Qoshbegi(Qushbegi) as manager of the royal hunt have been in dispute among scholars. Some historians even consider the accounts as separate from the reality, remaining skeptical of the reliability of the source. Based on the analysis of the double layer political system in the previous nomadic empires, this paper argues that the Uzbek khanate and the early Bukhara emirate proved to hold the similar political systems. Then, from the late eighteenth century, the political situation began to change as the Manghit rulers launched their projects of legitimation, which eventually resulted in the change of the character of the two posts in the Bukhara administration. This transformation reflected the Manghit dynasty's success in suppressing the nomadic tribal constituencies and building a new political landscape centered on the Manghit rulers. In that context, the descriptions in the source should be seen to offer a new perspective not only on the neglected part of Central Asian politics, which were both nomadic and sedentary, but also on the transformations that occurred during the nineteenth century in the Bukhara political environments.
Abstract
Majmaˁ al- arqām, produced in the Bukhara Manghit dynasty in the late 18th century, is recognized as one of the most important sources on the eighteenth century Bukhara political and administrative structure. However, the descriptions on the post of Ataliq as provider of water into irrigations in Bukhara and on Qoshbegi(Qushbegi) as manager of the royal hunt have been in dispute among scholars. Some historians even consider the accounts as separate from the reality, remaining skeptical of the reliability of the source. Based on the analysis of the double layer political system in the previous nomadic empires, this paper argues that the Uzbek khanate and the early Bukhara emirate proved to hold the similar political systems. Then, from the late eighteenth century, the political situation began to change as the Manghit rulers launched their projects of legitimation, which eventually resulted in the change of the character of the two posts in the Bukhara administration. This transformation reflected the Manghit dynasty's success in suppressing the nomadic tribal constituencies and building a new political landscape centered on the Manghit rulers. In that context, the descriptions in the source should be seen to offer a new perspective not only on the neglected part of Central Asian politics, which were both nomadic and sedentary, but also on the transformations that occurred during the nineteenth century in the Bukhara political environments.
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