독립 이후 나타난 카자흐스탄 교육제도의 변화와 특징 연구
The Study on the Changes and Characteristics of Educational System in Kazakhstan after Independence
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Central Asian Republics proclaimed independence in 1991 and the economic system was transformed into capitalism. Due to the lack of government support in the education sector, public education and free education systems began to collapse and at the same time, the need for education system that can be applied to the international community has emerged. Kazakhstan faced the same situation, but the reform of the education sector could not be carried out properly because of the special environment that is different from the surrounding countries. First of all, politicians often modified education reform policies and programs in line with their own development process. This forced students, teachers, and parents to be confused. The victory and defeat of education sector reform in Central Asian countries was absolutely dependent on economic development. The same was true for Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has had the worst economic situation since independence in Central Asian but has been the country with the highest economic growth since 2000. Therefore, reforms in the education sector were forced to be influenced by such an extreme economic environment. The extreme demographic changes and language problems of the Kazakh have been a persistent obstacle to educational reform. This paper will analyze the various changes, problems and their characteristics in the education sector of Kazakhstan in detail and the influence of current education on Kazakhstan's future will be presented. The contents of this paper are as follows. First, the contents and features of institutions, policies and programs in the educational sector, which has been promoted by the government of Kazakhstan since the independence, will be analyzed in detail. Second, students' and parents' perceptions of institutions, policies and programs in the education sector will be analyzed. Third, the fundamental problems of reforms in education sector will be presented. Fourth, I will anticipate how the problems of current education will affect the future of Kazakhstan.
Abstract
Central Asian Republics proclaimed independence in 1991 and the economic system was transformed into capitalism. Due to the lack of government support in the education sector, public education and free education systems began to collapse and at the same time, the need for education system that can be applied to the international community has emerged. Kazakhstan faced the same situation, but the reform of the education sector could not be carried out properly because of the special environment that is different from the surrounding countries. First of all, politicians often modified education reform policies and programs in line with their own development process. This forced students, teachers, and parents to be confused. The victory and defeat of education sector reform in Central Asian countries was absolutely dependent on economic development. The same was true for Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has had the worst economic situation since independence in Central Asian but has been the country with the highest economic growth since 2000. Therefore, reforms in the education sector were forced to be influenced by such an extreme economic environment. The extreme demographic changes and language problems of the Kazakh have been a persistent obstacle to educational reform. This paper will analyze the various changes, problems and their characteristics in the education sector of Kazakhstan in detail and the influence of current education on Kazakhstan's future will be presented. The contents of this paper are as follows. First, the contents and features of institutions, policies and programs in the educational sector, which has been promoted by the government of Kazakhstan since the independence, will be analyzed in detail. Second, students' and parents' perceptions of institutions, policies and programs in the education sector will be analyzed. Third, the fundamental problems of reforms in education sector will be presented. Fourth, I will anticipate how the problems of current education will affect the future of Kazakhstan.
참고문헌 (65)
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